Table 3.
Blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c levels and HOMA-IR index in subjects during intervention periods1,2,3
| Placebo (n = 17) |
RBO (n = 18) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| baseline | week 5 | Change (%) | baseline | week 5 | Change (%) | ||
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 126.3 ± 5.5 | 132.4 ± 6.7 | 3.5 ± 3.7 | 144.0 ± 10.9 | 153.2 ± 12.8* | 6.5 ± 2.8 | |
| 2 h glucose (mg/dL) | 266.1 ± 17.8 | 275.3 ± 17.8 | 4.4 ± 3.5 | 268.2 ± 23.5 | 291.8 ± 25.9* | 10.6 ± 3.6 | |
| Fasting insulin (µIU/mL) | 6.4 ± 0.9 | 7.6 ± 1.2 | 24.1 ± 13.1 | 8.0 ± 1.7 | 8.3 ± 1.6 | 10.6 ± 9.3 | |
| HOMA-IR4 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 2.3 ± 0.3* | 36.3 ± 12.3 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 3.2 ± 0.6 | 20.7 ± 11.9 | |
| HbA1c (%)4 | 7.3 ± 0.3 | 7.4 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 1.1 | 7.8 ± 0.4 | 7.8 ± 0.4 | 0.6 ± 1.0 | |
| TC5 (mg/dL) | 189.1 ± 8.8 | 192.1 ± 9.3 | 1.6 ± 1.6 | 184.3 ± 5.2 | 177.6 ± 5.4* | −3.6 ± 1.2# | |
| TG5 (mg/dL) | 151.7 ± 32.9 | 149.1 ± 24.0 | 22.4 ± 18.4 | 112.4 ± 9.2 | 130.1 ± 11.6 | 19.6 ± 9.1 | |
| HDL-C5 (mg/dL) | 43.0 ± 2.5 | 42.7 ± 2.2 | 0.3 ± 2.5 | 43.3 ± 3.0 | 43.4 ± 3.0 | 0.7 ± 1.7 | |
| LDL-C5 (mg/dL) | 108.4 ± 8.9 | 113.6 ± 8.9* | 6.4 ± 3.1 | 111.9 ± 6.6 | 108.0 ± 6.6 | −2.7 ± 3.1# | |
1 Values are expressed as mean ± SEM. 2 Values with asterisk (*) are significantly different from baseline values. 3 Values with sharp (#) are significantly different from placebo group. 4 HOMA-IR index are presented as insulin sensitivity; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin. 5 TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol.