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The highest risk procedures for infective endocarditis
| Both guideline |
| Dental procedures that involve manipulation of gingival tissues or periapical region of teeth, or perforation of oral mucosa |
| AHA guideline only |
| Procedures on respiratory tract or infected skin, skin structures, or musculoskeletal tissues only if they imply overt incision of the skin or mucosa (ESC guideline recommend prophylaxis when a proven infection of those structures require specific intervention) |
