Table 4.
Adjusted Odds Ratio for Nonadherence Relative to Depression and Demographics
| Effect | OR (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|
| PHQ-8 scoresa | ||
| PHQ-8: ≥15 vs 0–4 | 3.13 (1.91–5.12) | <.001 |
| PHQ-8: 10–14 vs 0–4 | 2.86 (1.76–4.64) | <.001 |
| PHQ-8: 5–9 vs 0–4 | 1.93 (1.259–2.95) | <.001 |
| Age | 0.98 (0.96–0.99) | .80 |
| Sex (female vs male) | 1.00 (0.98–1.01) | .12 |
| Race (nonwhite vs white) | 0.76 (0.54–1.07) | .25 |
| Marital status (nonmarried vs married) | 0.77 (0.49–1.20) | .32 |
| Education | 0.76 (0.45–1.31) | .55 |
| Average daily morphine-equivalent doseb | 0.96 (0.86–1.09) | .56 |
| Health plan site (GHC vs KPNC) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | .75 |
| Average pain severity | 1.10 (1.01–1.21) | .032b |
GHC = Group Health Cooperative; KPNC = Kaiser Permanente of Northern California; OR = odds ratio; PHQ-8 = 8-item version of the Patient Health Questionnaire.
a
Scored on a scale in which 0–4 = no, 5–9 = mild, 10–14 = moderate, and ≥15=severe depression.
b
Per milligram.