Table 1.
Maternal and infant characteristics at birth by level of prenatal methamphetamine exposure
| Maternal/demographic characteristics | Heavy PMAE | Some PMAE | No PMAE | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number (%)/Mean (SD) | (n=26) | (n=107) | (n=130) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.971 | |||
| White | 13 (50.0%) | 39 (36.4%) | 55 (42.3%) | |
| Hispanic | 4 (15.4%) | 23 (21.5%) | 28 (21.5%) | |
| Pacific Islander | 4 (15.4%) | 20 (18.7%) | 20 (15.4%) | |
| Asian | 4 (15.4%) | 15 (14.0%) | 17 (13.1%) | |
| Black | 1 (3.8%) | 6 (5.6%) | 7 (5.4%) | |
| American Indian | 0 (0%) | 4 (3.7%) | 3 (2.3%) | |
| Low SES | 12 (46.2%) | 34 (31.8%) | 10 (7.7%) | <.001 |
| Public insurance | 24 (92.3%) | 95 (88.8%) | 112 (86.2%) | 0.216 |
| No partner | 17 (65.4 %) | 61 (57.0%) | 38 (29.2%) | <.001 |
| Education <12 years | 16 (61.5%) | 47 (43.9%) | 44 (33.8%) | 0.024 |
| Maternal age (year) | 25.9 ± 5.9 | 25.2 ± 5.4 | 24.8 ± 5.7 | 0.633 |
| Prenatal alcohol use | 7 (26.9%) | 36 (33.6%) | 18 (13.8%) | <.001 |
| Alcohol heavy use (≥ 0.5 oz absolute alcohol/day across pregnancy) | 4 (3.8%) | 0 | - | |
| Prenatal marijuana use | 8 (30.8%) | 33 (30.8%) | 6 (4.6%) | <.001 |
| Marijuana heavy use (≥ 0.5 joints/day across pregnancy) | 3 (2.8%) | 2 (1.5%) | 0.674 | |
| Prenatal tobacco use | 23 (88.5%) | 85 (79.4%) | 35 (26.9%) | <.001 |
| Tobacco heavy use (≥10 cigarettes/day across pregnancy) | 15 (57.7%) | 27 (25.2%) | 6 (4.6%) | <.001 |
| Infant characteristics | ||||
| Sex, male | 17 (65.4%) | 54 (50.5%) | 67 (51.5%) | 0.376 |
| Birth weight (g) | 3274 ± 649 | 3189 ± 638 | 3268 ± 542 | 0.557 |
| Gestational age (wk) | 38.7 ± 1.9 | 38.1 ± 2.4 | 39.0 ± 1.8 | 0.006 |
| Low birth weight | 1 (3.8%) | 15 (14.0%) | 15 (11.5%) | 0.350 |
| Length (cm) | 50.5 ± 3.4 | 49.9 ± 3.7 | 50.9 ± 3.1 | 0.053 |
| Head circumference (cm) | 33.9 ± 1.9 | 33.7 ± 1.9 | 33.9 ± 1.8 | 0.470 |
PMAE, prenatal methamphetamine exposure
Note: 4 cases do not have level of PMAE due to identification of exposure by meconium only