Table 4.

Genes associated with lipid and/or retinoid metabolic pathways

Gene	Name	Ensemble cytogenetic band	“Known” Function	Reference
LIPC	Hepatic lipase, Lipase member C	15q21.3	Hepatic triglyceride lipase functions as a triglyceride hydrolase and as a ligand/bridging factor for receptor-mediated lipoprotein transport	(Chen et al., 2010a; Neale et al., 2010; Peter et al., 2011; Yu et al., 2011a; Yu et al., 2011b)
CETP	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	16q13	Transfers cholesteryl esters between lipoproteins	(Chen et al., 2010a; Yu et al., 2011a)
ApoE	Apolipoprotein E	19q13.32	The main apoprotein of the chylomicron, binds to a specific receptor on liver cells and peripheral cells. ApoE mediates the binding, internalization, and catabolism of lipoprotein particles.	(Chen et al., 2010a; Neale et al., 2010; Zerbib et al., 2009)
LRP5	Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5	11q13.2	The gene encodes a transmembrane low-density lipoprotein receptor that binds and internalizes ligands in the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis.	(Kloeckener-Gruissem et al., 2011)
LRP6	Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6	12p13.2	The gene encodes a transmembrane low-density lipoprotein receptor that binds and internalizes ligands in the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis.	(Haines et al., 2006)
VDLR	Very low density lipoprotein receptor	9p24.2	Lipoprotein receptor that is a member of the LDLR family and binds VLDL-triglyceride and transports it into cells by endocytosis and is key player in the reelin signaling pathway.	(Haines et al., 2006)
FADS1-3	Fatty acid desaturase 1,2, and 3	11q12.2	Members of the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene family. These enzymes regulate unsaturation of fatty acids through the introduction of double bonds between defined carbons of the fatty acyl chain. They are in a gene cluster on 11q12.2	(Fauser et al., 2011)
ABCA1	ATP-binding cassette transporter-1	9q31.1	Cholesterol efflux transporter for lipid removal from cells	(Fauser et al., 2011)
RORA	RAR-related orphan receptor A	15q22.2	Cholesterol receptor with potentially interactions with ROBO1 and the ARMS2 locus. RORA Regulates a number of lipid metabolism-related genes such as apolipoproteins AI,APOA5, CIII, CYP71 and PPARgamma	(Schaumberg et al., 2010; Silveira et al., 2010)
ADIPOR1	Adiponectin receptor 1	1q32.1	One of two receptors for adiponection that regulates glucose, lipid and energy metabolism	(Kaarniranta et al., 2012)