Table 1.
Group effect | Time effect | Interaction | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In vivo dorsiflexion torque (N mm/kg BM) | |||||||
Wk 0 | Wk 4* | Wk 8* | Wk 12* | ||||
Sedentary | 44.7 ± 3.8 | 77.9 ± 2.7 | 72.2 ± 2.5 | 70.8 ± 2.4 | 0.567 | <0.001 | 0.311 |
Free Wheel | 49.7 ± 4.0 | 79.5 ± 6.8 | 75.1 ± 5.9 | 79.8 ± 3.4 | |||
Resist Wheel | 49.4 ± 4.3 | 69 ± 8.4 | 70.1 ± 2.8 | 67.9 ± 2.6 | |||
Grip strength (g/g BM) | |||||||
Wk 0 | Wk 4* | Wk 8 | Wk 12* | ||||
Sedentary | 2.5 ± 0.2 | 2.9 ± 0.2 | 2.6 ± 0.1 | 2.8 ± 0.1 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.154 |
Free Wheel† | 3.3 ± 0.2 | 3.7 ± 0.1 | 3.2 ± 0.1 | 3.7 ± 0.2 | |||
Resist Wheel† | 2.8 ± 0.2 | 3.9 ± 0.1 | 3.1 ± 0.2 | 3.3 ± 0.1 | |||
Whole body tension (g/g BM) | |||||||
Wk 0 | Wk 4 | Wk 8 | Wk 12 | ||||
Sedentary | 11.1 ± 0.5 | – | – | 11.5 ± 0.6 | 0.450 | 0.244 | 0.393 |
Free Wheel | 11.2 ± 0.8 | – | – | 9.8 ± 0.4 | |||
Resist Wheel | 11.3 ± 0.6 | – | – | 10.9 ± 0.5 |
Values expressed as mean ± SE. BM, body mass; Wk, week.
Week > week 0.
Group > Sedentary.