Table 1.

In vivo muscle strength of Sedentary, Free Wheel, and Resist Wheel mice over time.

					Group effect	Time effect	Interaction
In vivo dorsiflexion torque (N mm/kg BM)
	Wk 0	Wk 4*	Wk 8*	Wk 12*
Sedentary	44.7 ± 3.8	77.9 ± 2.7	72.2 ± 2.5	70.8 ± 2.4	0.567	<0.001	0.311
Free Wheel	49.7 ± 4.0	79.5 ± 6.8	75.1 ± 5.9	79.8 ± 3.4
Resist Wheel	49.4 ± 4.3	69 ± 8.4	70.1 ± 2.8	67.9 ± 2.6
Grip strength (g/g BM)
	Wk 0	Wk 4*	Wk 8	Wk 12*
Sedentary	2.5 ± 0.2	2.9 ± 0.2	2.6 ± 0.1	2.8 ± 0.1	<0.001	<0.001	0.154
Free Wheel†	3.3 ± 0.2	3.7 ± 0.1	3.2 ± 0.1	3.7 ± 0.2
Resist Wheel†	2.8 ± 0.2	3.9 ± 0.1	3.1 ± 0.2	3.3 ± 0.1
Whole body tension (g/g BM)
	Wk 0	Wk 4	Wk 8	Wk 12
Sedentary	11.1 ± 0.5	–	–	11.5 ± 0.6	0.450	0.244	0.393
Free Wheel	11.2 ± 0.8	–	–	9.8 ± 0.4
Resist Wheel	11.3 ± 0.6	–	–	10.9 ± 0.5

Values expressed as mean ± SE. BM, body mass; Wk, week.

^*Week > week 0.

^†Group > Sedentary.