Table 2.
Examples of surface markers expressed on stem, progenitor, and differentiated cells
| Stem cell | Progenitor cell | Differentiated cell | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pluripotent stem cell | SSEA-3/4, TRA-1-60 | ||
| Ectoderm | Neural stem cell CD133, ABCG2 [4,106,107] |
Neuron-restricted progenitor NCAM [108] |
Neuronal cell PSD-95, Synaptophysin [109] |
| Glial-restricted progenitor FGFR [110-112] |
Oligodendrocyte MOG, CD140a [113,114] |
||
| Type 2 astrocyte | |||
| Type 1 astrocyt FGFR3 [110,111] |
|||
| Motor neuron progenitor | Motor neuron | ||
| Surface ectoderm | Epidermal stem cell α6-integrinhigh, CD71low [115] |
Epithelial cell CEACAM-1, EpCAM [116,117] |
|
| Mesoderm | Hemangioblast | Hematopoietic stem cell | |
| CD143, E-cadherin, VE-cadherin, PECAM-1, VEGFR2 [64] | CD34, CD44, CD150, VEGFR2, Sca-1 [63] | Myeloid/lymphoid lineages [118] | |
| Smooth muscle progenitor VE-cadherin [119] |
Smooth muscle cell VE-cadherin [119] |
||
| Endothelial progenitor CD31, CD105, CD144, CD146, VEGFR2, VWF [120] |
Endothelial cell CD31 [120] |
||
| Mesenchymal stem cell CD105/endoglin, CD73, CD90/Thy-1 [65] |
Myogenic precursor α7-integrin, M-cadherin [121] |
Cardiac muscle SIRPA [66] |
|
| Skeletal muscle α7β1-integrin [122] |
|||
| Pre-adipocyte | Adipocyte Glut4 [123] |
||
| Chondrocyte precursor | Chondrocyte CD44 [124] |
||
| Osteoblast | Osteocyte | ||
| Endoderm | Primitive endoderm | ||
| Definitive endoderm | Hepatic progenitor c-Met, CD49f [125] |
Hepatocyte Il-6 [126] |
|
| Pancreatic progenitor | α cell | ||
| β cell Glut2 [127] |
|||
| PPγ cell | |||
| δ cell | |||
| ε cell |
ABCG2, ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2; CEACAM-1, carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1; EpCAM, epithelial cell adhesion molecule; FGFR, fibroblast growth factor receptor; Glut, glucose transporter; MOG, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; NCAM, neural cell adhesion molecule; PECAM-1, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1; PSD-95, post-synaptic density protein 95; SIRPA, signal-regulatory protein alpha; SSEA, stage-specific embryonic antigen; VEGFR2, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2; VWF, von Willebrand factor.