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. 2012 Jan 27;14(1):R20. doi: 10.1186/ar3702

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Copyright ©2012 Catrina et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Representative picture showing that expression of intracellular and total citrullinated protein (CP), as well as PAD2 and PAD4 enzymes, is higher in rheumatoid arthritis (RA; upper panel) as compared with healthy (lower panel) synovial tissue. Frozen synovial biopsy sections show diaminobenzidine (brown) immunoperoxidase staining (hematoxylin counterstained) for citrullinated proteins and peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes detected with the F95 antibody, anti-PAD2 (with two different antibodies, ROI002 and SN665), and PAD4 (with two different antibodies, SN823 and SG1467) antibodies (original magnification, ×100). Insets show close-up details from the same samples.