TABLE 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients
| Usual care (n=93) | Usual care + LAO (n=97) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Female, n | 54 | 49 | 0.3 |
| Male, n | 39 | 48 | |
| Age, years | 64±11.45 | 67±3.93 | 0.79 |
| Height, cm | 165±10.05 | 170±9.98 | 0.61 |
| Weight, kg | 80±20.53 | 82±16.43 | 0.92 |
| Surgical procedure | |||
| Total hip replacement, n | 55 | 53 | 0.53 |
| Total knee replacement, n | 38 | 44 | |
| Baseline pain at rest | 2.9±1.8 | 2.4±2.0 | 0.08 |
| Baseline pain with activity | 5.1±1.9 | 4.5±2.3 | 0.055 |
| Neecham | 29.9±0.2 | 29.9±0.3 | 0.8143 |
| MMSE | 27.9±2.4 | 27.5±2.8 | 0.5061 |
Data presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise specified. LAO Long-acting opioid; MMSE Mini Mental Status Exam; Neecham Neecham confusion scale