Evaluation of clinical responses after infusion of CART19 cells. (A) UPN 02 was treated with two cycles of rituximab and bendamustine with minimal response (R/B, arrows). CART19 cells were infused beginning 4 and 14 days after bendamustine only (B, arrow). The rituximab- and bendamustine-resistant leukemia was rapidly cleared from blood, as indicated by a decrease in the absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) from 60,600/μl to 200/μl within 18 days of the infusion. Corticosteroid treatment was started on day 18 after infusion because of malaise and noninfectious febrile syndrome. The reference line (dotted) indicates the upper normal limit for ALC. (B) Sequential BM biopsy or clot specimens from UPN 01 were stained for CD20. Leukemia infiltration was present before treatment was absent after treatment; normalization of cellularity and trilineage hematopoiesis were also observed. (C) Sequential CT imaging indicates rapid resolution of chemotherapy-resistant generalized lymphadenopathy. Bilateral axillary masses in UPN 01 resolved by 83 days after infusion, as indicated by arrows and circle.