Fig 5.

LMP2A is unable to induce MMP9, ERK, and Fra-1 in some non-NPC epithelial cell lines. HeLa, SCC15, HBL-100, and HaCaT cells were transfected with an LMP2A-expressing plasmid (2A) or a vector plasmid (V). Production of MMP9 and MMP2 was detected by using a gelatin zymography assay, where a positive control (PC) of both MMPs was included. Protein expression of LMP2A, phosphorylated ERK1/2 (ERK1/2-p), total ERK1/2, phosphorylated Fra-1 (Fra-1-p), total Fra-1, and β-actin was examined by using an immunoblotting assay. In HaCaT cells, phosphorylated Fra-1 and total Fra-1 were undetectable.