Table 5.
Factors Associated With Progression to Death, World Health Organization Stage 4 Disease, or at Least 1 CD4+ Count of <200 cells/mm3 Within 18 Months of Cessation of Antiretroviral Prophylaxis
| n/N (%) | OR (95% CI) | P Value | Adjusted ORa (95% CI) | P Valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study site | .58 | ||||
| Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso | 27/236 (11.4) | 2.07 (.62–6.89) | |||
| Kwadabeka, South-Africa | 23/182 (12.6) | 1.37 (.57–3.43) | |||
| Mombasa, Kenya | 22/233 (9.4) | 1.11 (.45–2.83) | |||
| Nairobi, Kenya | 7/43 (16.3) | 1.54 (.62–3.92) | |||
| Somkhele, South-Africa | 8/93 (8.6) | 1.00 | |||
| Treatment arm | .17 | ||||
| Triple ARV | 36/382 (9.4) | 1.00 | |||
| ZDV/sdNVP | 51/405 (12.6) | 1.38 (.86–2.23) | |||
| Age, years | .05 | .08 | |||
| <25 | 18/252 (7.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 25–34 | 58/459 (12.6) | 1.88 (1.05–3.40) | 1.85 (1.04–3.29) | ||
| ≥35 | 11/76 (14.5) | 2.20 (.92–5.21) | 2.03 (.87–4.73) | ||
| Education | .58 | ||||
| Never attended school | 16/116 (13.8) | 1.32 (.68–2.54) | |||
| Completed primary school | 28/272 (10.3) | 0.95 (.56–1.62) | |||
| At least some secondary school education | 43/399 (10.8) | 1.00 | |||
| Occupation | .40 | ||||
| Unemployed | 58/550 (10.5) | 1.14 (.52–2.56) | |||
| Self-employed | 20/141 (14.2) | 1.60 (.65–4.00) | |||
| Salaried job | 9/96 (9.4) | 1.00 | |||
| Marital status | .12 | ||||
| Married, monogamous | 35/333 (10.5) | 1.00 | |||
| Married, polygamous | 13/91 (14.3) | 1.42 (.68–2.94) | |||
| Not married, regular partner | 32/332 (9.6) | 0.91 (.53–1.55) | |||
| Single | 7/31 (22.6) | 2.48 (.90–6.63) | |||
| Gravidity | .02 | ||||
| Multigravida | 80/651 (12.3) | 2.58 (1.12–6.26) | |||
| Primigravida | 7/136 (5.1) | 1.00 | |||
| Socioeconomic score | |||||
| 1st quintile | 19/151 (12.6) | 1.17 (.55–2.48) | .88 | ||
| 2nd quintile | 19/155 (12.3) | 1.13 (.54–2.40) | |||
| 3rd quintile | 15/161 (9.3) | 0.83 (.38–1.84) | |||
| 4th quintile | 17/165 (10.3) | 0.93 (.43–2.01) | |||
| 5th quintile | 17/155 (11.0) | 1.00 | |||
| Breastfeeding (BF) | .01 | ||||
| Never BF | 31/188 (16.5) | 1.91 (1.16–3.15) | |||
| Ever BF | 56/599 (9.3) | 1.00 | |||
| BMI at delivery, kg/mm2 | .28 | ||||
| <22 | 27/190 (14.2) | 1.53 (.79–3.00) | |||
| 22–27 | 41/402 (10.2) | 1.05 (.57–1.94) | |||
| >27 | 19/195 (9.7) | 1.00 | |||
| CD4+ count at enrollment, cells/mm3 | <.001 | <.001 | |||
| <350 | 79/438 (18.0) | 9.38 (4.30–21.29) | 8.23 (3.89–17.43) | ||
| ≥350 | 8/349 (2.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| VL at enrollment, log10 copies/mL | <.001 | .004 | |||
| <3.5 | 8/162 (4.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 3.5–3.9 | 10/146 (6.8) | 1.42 (.50–4.07) | 1.31 (.49–3.52) | ||
| 4.0–4.4 | 21/191 (11.0) | 2.38 (.97–6.03) | 2.19 (.92–5.25) | ||
| 4.5–4.9 | 20/158 (12.7) | 2.79 (1.12–7.15) | 2.27 (.94–5.48) | ||
| ≥5 | 28/126 (22.2) | 5.50 (2.28–13.71) | 4.32 (1.83–10.21) | ||
| Missing | 0/4 (0) | ||||
| Duration of ARV use, weeks | |||||
| From enrollment until delivery | .13 | ||||
| ≤4 | 31/213 (14.6) | 1.00 | |||
| 4–8 | 38/365 (10.4) | 0.68 (.40–1.17) | |||
| >8 | 18/209 (8.6) | 0.55 (0.29–1.06) | |||
| After delivery | .08 | .03 | |||
| <6 | 64/501 (12.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 6–24 | 13/131 (9.9) | 0.75 (.38–1.46) | 0.88 (.45–1.72) | ||
| ≥25 | 10/155 (6.5) | 0.47 (.22–.98) | (0.20–.82) |
Abbreviations: ARV, antiretroviral; AZT/sdNVP, zidovudine until delivery with single-dose nevirapine without postpartum prophylaxis; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; Triple ARV, zidovudine, lamivudine, and lopinavir/ritonavir during pregnancy and breastfeeding; VL, viral load.
a Only for variables included in the model.