Table 6. Signal functions reported to be performed by different cadres of clinicians (East, Central and Southern Africa).

	Kenya										Tanzania										Malawi										Zimbabwe										Somaliland*
	D	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	D	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	D	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	D	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	D	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
Medical Doctors	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	○	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	○	○	X	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	○	√
Assistant Medical Doctors											√	√	√	√	√	√	○	√	√	√
Clinical or Health Officers	√	√	√	√	○	√	X	√	X	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	X	√	X	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	○	√	X	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	○	X	X	√	X	√
Medical Assistants																					√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	X	√
Assistant Clinical Officers											√	√	√	√	√	X	X	√	X	X
Enrolled midwife	√	√	√	√	*	*	*	√	X	√											√	√	√	√	*	*	*	*	X	√
Enrolled nurse	√	√	√	√	*	*	*	√	X	√	√	√	√	√	√	X	X	√	X	√	#	√	○	X	X	X	X	X	X	√
Enrolled nurse midwife											√	√	√	√	√	√	○	√	X	√	√	√	√	√	*	*	*	*	X	√
Registered midwife											√	√	√	√	√	√	○	√	X	√
Registered general nurse	√	√	√	√	*	*	*	√	X	√																					√	√	√	○	X	X	X	√	X	√	√	√	√	√	√	*	*	√	X	√
Registered nurse midwife	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	X	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	○	√	X	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	X	√	√	√	√	√	√	X	X	√	X	√	√	√	√	√	√	*	√	√	X	√
Registered community health nurse	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	X	√
Nurse midwife technicians																					√	√	√	√	*	*	*	*	X	√											√	√	√	√	√	X	X	√	X	√
Nurse technicians																					#	√	○	X	X	X	X	X	X	√
Community midwives	√	√	√	X	√	X	X	√	X	X																															√	√	√	√	√	X	X	√	X	√
Community health nurse midwife
Auxiliary midwife																																									#	#	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Mother & Child Health Aide (MCHA)											√	√	√	√	√	X	X	√	X	X	√	√	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
State enrolled community nurse
State certified nurse midwives																															√	√	√	X	X	X	X	√	X	√
CHEW
JCHEW
Medical attendant											#	#	#	X	X	X	X	X	X	X

Key: √: Performing and legislated; ○: Not performed but legislated #: Performing but not legislated; x: Not performed and not legislated *: Only those who had attended training in BEMOC or LSS or MVA can perform these signal functions.

D = Deliveries, 1 = Parental antibiotics; 2 = Parental oxytocic drugs; 3 = Parental anticonvulsants; 4 = Manual removal of retained placenta; 5 = MVA; 6 = Assisted vaginal delivery (vacuum extraction); 7 = Newborn resuscitation; 8 = Caesarean section; 9 = Blood transfusion.

^*No legislative body so the tick stands for training received & perform function; x Training was not received and not performing; √: Performing but not trained; x Few performed after LSS training.