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. 2012 Jun;13(4):278–288. doi: 10.2174/138920212800793348

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©2012 Bentham Science Publishers

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/), which permits unrestrictive use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. (2) — The microRNA biogenesis pathway is under regulation to modulate the available mature microRNA concentration. Aside from microRNAs regulating target mRNA transcripts, microRNAs are themselves regulated at several steps during their biogenesis. Steps under regulation include 1) the initial transcription of the primary miRNA, 2) the trimming of the pri-miRNA to the ~70 nucleotide premiRNA, 3) the export of the pre-miRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, 4) the removal of the loop of the hairpin structure giving rise to an ~22 nt duplex, 5) selection of the mature miRNA from the duplex for association with the miRNP and 6) the concentration of miRNP available for targeting.