Table 2.
The Role of Granulocytes in Helminth Infection in Animals and Humans
| Trematodes | Cestodes | Nematodes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Host protection | |||
| In vitro damage or killing |
Schistosoma spp. (81-84, 87) Fasciola hepatica (86) |
Heligmosomoides polygyrus (178) Trichinella spirialis (208) |
|
| In vivo damage or killing | Schistosoma mansoni (85) |
Hymenolepis spp. (138, 145, 159) Taenia spp. (141, 142, 154, 156, 157) |
Heligmosomoides polygyrus (180) Litomosoides sigmodontis (239, 245, 246, 248) Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (71, 75, 191,192, 194) Trichuris muris (19) Strongyloides stercoralis (202) Onchocerca ochengi (280, 281) Onchocerca volvulus (243) |
| Antigen presentation |
Brugia
malayi (66, 67) Strongyloides stercoralis (68, 69) |
||
| Granulocyte activation and induction of TH2 responses |
Schistosoma
mansoni, IPSE (72-74) Schistosoma mansoni (90, 91, 93) |
Cysticercus
cellulosae (129) Echinococcus spp. (132) |
Litomosoides sigmodontis (76) Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (53, 75) |
| Granulocyte recruitment | Schistosoma mansoni, skin (89, 90, 93, 123, 124) |
Echinococcus
granulosus (139) Mesocestoides corti (127, 144) Taenia spp. (128, 130, 135, 136, 137, 149) |
Anisakis
simplex (229-231, 236) Heligmosomoides polygyrus (179) Onchocerca volvulus (279) Trichuris trichiura (185) |
| Parasite establishment | |||
| Inhibition of granulocyte recruitment and function | Schistosoma mansoni, lyso-PS (56) |
Echinococcus multilocularis (167, 168) Taenia solium (129, 169) Taenia crassiceps (171) |
Trichinella spiralis (212) Acanthocheilonema viteae, ES-62 (58) |
| Immunopathology | |||
| Association with pathology | Schistosoma mansoni (93, 123, 124) |
Anisakis
simplex (213, 225) Onchocerca volvulus/Wolbachia (252, 253) Onchocerca volvulus (256-258, 272, 288) Brugia malayi (262) |
|