Table 3.
Detailed decomposition of the gender difference in high-risk drinking: raw estimates and percentage contributions (n = 23587)
| Composition effect (C) | Pure tendency effect (D) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raw effect | Contrib | Raw effect | Contrib | |||||
| Estimate | s.e. | p-value | (%) | Estimate | s.e. | p-value | (%) | |
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| < 30 | -0.05 | 0.000 | < 0.0000 | -0.16 | -1.930 | 0.001 | < 0.0000 | -6.48 |
| 30-39 | 0.10 | 0.000 | < 0.0000 | 0.35 | -0.698 | 0.001 | < 0.0000 | -2.34 |
| 40-49 | 0.12 | 0.000 | < 0.0000 | 0.39 | -0.192 | 0.001 | 0.1366 | -0.65 |
| 50-59 | -0.02 | 0.000 | 0.0291 | -0.06 | 0.565 | 0.001 | < 0.0000 | 1.90 |
| ≥ 60 | 0.57 | 0.000 | < 0.0000 | 1.92 | 2.451 | 0.002 | < 0.0000 | 8.23 |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Non-married | -0.12 | 0.001 | 0.0321 | -0.39 | -1.180 | 0.001 | < 0.0000 | -3.96 |
| Married | -0.12 | 0.001 | 0.0300 | -0.39 | 2.507 | 0.003 | < 0.0000 | 8.42 |
| Education | ||||||||
| Lower than college | -0.08 | 0.001 | 0.3231 | -0.27 | -1.576 | 0.003 | < 0.0000 | -5.29 |
| College or higher | -0.08 | 0.001 | 0.3208 | -0.27 | 0.459 | 0.001 | < 0.0000 | 1.54 |
| Occupational status | ||||||||
| Unemployed | 0.53 | 0.003 | 0.0760 | 1.79 | 0.295 | 0.003 | 0.3615 | 0.99 |
| Non-manual | -0.06 | 0.001 | 0.5735 | -0.20 | 0.093 | 0.001 | 0.1937 | 0.31 |
| Manual | 0.46 | 0.002 | 0.0027 | 1.54 | -0.441 | 0.002 | 0.0043 | -1.48 |
| Household income | ||||||||
| Lowest quartile | 0.06 | 0.000 | 0.1098 | 0.20 | 0.105 | 0.002 | 0.4973 | 0.35 |
| 2nd lowest quartile | -0.01 | 0.000 | 0.0816 | -0.02 | -0.258 | 0.001 | 0.0502 | -0.87 |
| 2nd highest quartile | 0.02 | 0.000 | 0.0815 | 0.07 | 0.031 | 0.001 | 0.8051 | 0.11 |
| Highest quartile | 0.03 | 0.000 | 0.0705 | 0.10 | 0.116 | 0.001 | 0.3906 | 0.39 |
| Body mass index | ||||||||
| < 20 | -0.11 | 0.000 | 0.0057 | -0.38 | -0.177 | 0.002 | 0.4109 | -0.59 |
| 20-24 | 0.16 | 0.000 | < 0.0000 | 0.52 | 0.631 | 0.003 | 0.0410 | 2.12 |
| 25-29 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 0.1052 | 0.02 | 0.249 | 0.002 | 0.1041 | 0.84 |
| ≥ 30 | -0.06 | 0.000 | 0.0149 | -0.21 | -0.056 | 0.000 | 0.2085 | -0.19 |
| Stress | ||||||||
| Very low | 0.02 | 0.000 | 0.0027 | 0.07 | 0.165 | 0.001 | 0.1472 | 0.56 |
| Low | -0.01 | 0.000 | 0.0004 | -0.03 | 0.502 | 0.002 | 0.0391 | 1.69 |
| High | 0.00 | 0.000 | 0.0920 | 0.01 | -0.101 | 0.002 | 0.5248 | -0.34 |
| Very high | 0.01 | 0.000 | 0.0013 | 0.03 | -0.107 | 0.001 | 0.0575 | -0.36 |
| Survey year | ||||||||
| 1998 | -0.04 | 0.000 | < 0.0000 | -0.14 | 3.149 | 0.002 | < 0.0000 | 10.57 |
| 2001 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 0.0004 | 0.00 | -0.637 | 0.001 | < 0.0000 | -2.14 |
| 2005 | -0.07 | 0.000 | < 0.0000 | -0.24 | -2.264 | 0.001 | < 0.0000 | -7.60 |
| G-S tendency effect (G) | - | - | - | - | 26.813 | 0.010 | < 0.0000 | 90.05 |
| Total | 1.262 | 0.004 | 0.0028 | 4.24 | 28.515 | 0.007 | < 0.0000 | 95.76 |
Notes: G-S tendency effect (G) denotes the gender-specific high-risk-drinking tendency effect; given the small magnitude of difference, estimates in raw effects are multiplied by 100; C+D+G equals 0.298, being consistent with the gender difference in the proportion of high-risk drinking; non-married for marital status includes never-married, separated, widowed, and divorced participants; unemployed includes students and housewives; household income is standardized by household size; s.e. denotes standard error; contrb denotes contribution.