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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jul 11.
Published in final edited form as: Aging Cell. 2010 Oct;9(5):919–923. doi: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00607.x

Figure 1. The migration frequency of mtDNA fragments to the nucleus increases during the yeast chronological life span.

Figure 1

(A) Scheme explaining the assay for the measurement of the mtDNA transfer frequency to the nucleus in yeast.

(B) Yeast cells were grown in rich, glucose-containing YEPD medium. To determine the total number of viable cells in the aging culture (CLS), appropriate dilutions of cells were spread on YEPD plates at the indicated days (left panel). To determine the mtDNA transfer frequency (right panel), 5x107 cells were plated on plates lacking tryptophan on the same days. The numbers of colonies obtained from those plates were then normalized to the numbers of viable cells. The average migration frequency of mtDNA to the nucleus increases from 2.6 (day 3) to 77 (day 29) events per 106 viable cells. The control strain lacked the mitochondrial TRP1 gene. Standard errors of three independent experiments are shown.

(C) Yeast cells were grown in defined, synthetic glucose-containing medium (YC). The CLS and the mtDNA transfer frequency were determined as explained in panel B. The average migration frequency of mtDNA to the nucleus increases from 2.5 (day 3) to 15.3 (day 14) events per 106 viable cells. The control strain lacked the mitochondrial TRP1 gene. Standard errors of three independent experiments are shown.