Table 2.

Renal disease phenotypes following short-term treatment of B6.Pdss2^kd/kd missense mutant mice with probucol

				Urine albumin (mg/24 h)
Group	N	Age at first test	Probucol treatment duration	Pre-treatment test	Post-treatment test	p-Value
Males	7	102 ± 0.49	14.6 ± 1.40 days	14.40 ± 19.1	2.32 ± 1.73	p < 0.05
Females	12	106 ± 1.37	13.4 ± 2.36 days	10.30 ± 7.59	5.09 ± 5.10	p < 0.05
ALL	19	104 ± 2.52	13.8 ± 2.13 days	11.46 ± 12.3	4.07 ± 4.22	p < 0.01

Elevated 24 h urine albumin levels suggestive of renal glomerular disease in 100-day-old untreated missense mutants (pre-treatment test) were significantly reduced in both males and females following approximately 2 weeks of oral probucol treatment (post-treatment test). Histological nephritis score was also lower following probucol treatment than typical of untreated age-matched missense mutants (Table 1). Non-parametric statistical analysis (Mann–Whitney U-test) of mean urine albumin in treated versus untreated missense mutant groups showed short-term probucol treatment significantly reduced albuminuria (p = 0.01). A trend towards greater reduction in urine albumin was seen in males, with a mean reduction by 71.1% +/− 14.1% in males and 47.1% +/− 27.6% in females (p = 0.07).