Table 3. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of health behaviour clusters in survivors and controls.
Cluster D1 ‘risk-avoiding’
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Cluster D2 ‘moderate drinking’
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Cluster D3 ‘risk-taking’
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Cluster D4 ‘smoking’
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survivors ( n =352) | Controls ( n =737) | Survivors ( n =327) | Controls ( n =470) | Survivors ( n =114) | Controls ( n =202) | Survivors ( n =42) | Controls ( n =261) | P-valuea survivors | P-valuea controls | |
Socio-demographic characteristics | ||||||||||
Age (years) | ||||||||||
20–25 | 46.6 | 40.7 | 41.6 | 44.3 | 49.1 | 53.0 | 40.5 | 50.2 | 0.414 | 0.006 |
26–30 | 32.1 | 34.7 | 36.1 | 34.7 | 36.0 | 31.7 | 31.0 | 33.3 | ||
31–35 | 21.3 | 24.6 | 22.3 | 21.1 | 14.9 | 15.4 | 28.6 | 16.5 | ||
Gender | ||||||||||
Male | 36.1 | 38.5 | 62.1 | 66.4 | 74.6 | 75.7 | 61.9 | 51.0 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Female | 63.9 | 61.5 | 37.9 | 33.6 | 25.4 | 24.3 | 38.1 | 49.0 | ||
Language | ||||||||||
German | 77.8 | 76.4 | 76.2 | 79.6 | 69.3 | 71.8 | 73.8 | 70.5 | 0.316 | 0.023 |
French/Italian | 22.2 | 23.6 | 23.9 | 20.4 | 30.7 | 28.2 | 26.2 | 29.5 | ||
Marital status | ||||||||||
Single, divorced or widowed | 86.1 | 68.9 | 87.7 | 81.9 | 87.7 | 93.6 | 87.7 | 77.4 | 0.796 | <0.001 |
Married | 13.1 | 30.9 | 11.4 | 18.1 | 10.5 | 6.4 | 11.9 | 22.6 | ||
Education | ||||||||||
Compulsory schooling | 11.4 | 5.4 | 4.0 | 1.5 | 8.8 | 3.5 | 16.7 | 8.4 | 0.002 | <0.001 |
Vocational training | 44.0 | 55.4 | 45.0 | 50.0 | 47.4 | 60.9 | 54.8 | 68.6 | ||
Higher secondaryb | 34.4 | 26.5 | 39.8 | 31.9 | 37.7 | 27.2 | 23.8 | 18.8 | ||
University | 6.5 | 12.8 | 10.1 | 16.6 | 5.3 | 8.4 | 2.4 | 4.2 | ||
Income | ||||||||||
Unemployed | 19.9 | 2.3 | 9.2 | 2.1 | 7.0 | 1.5 | 4.8 | 5.0 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
0–3000 CHF | 33.0 | 36.5 | 23.9 | 31.7 | 27.2 | 33.2 | 33.3 | 33.7 | ||
3001–6000 CHF | 40.9 | 46.8 | 54.1 | 47.5 | 51.8 | 55.9 | 52.4 | 52.9 | ||
>6000 CHF | 2.3 | 14.4 | 8.6 | 18.7 | 7.0 | 9.4 | 2.4 | 8.4 | ||
Number of children | ||||||||||
None | 75.0 | 72.7 | 82.6 | 86.0 | 83.3 | 91.1 | 83.3 | 77.0 | 0.265 | <0.001 |
One | 8.8 | 12.9 | 5.2 | 7.9 | 8.8 | 5.0 | 7.1 | 10.3 | ||
Two or more | 5.4 | 14.4 | 4.6 | 6.2 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 4.8 | 12.6 | ||
Migration backgroundc | ||||||||||
No | 75.9 | 79.4 | 81.4 | 82.1 | 80.7 | 81.2 | 54.8 | 61.7 | 0.001 | <0.001 |
Yes | 24.2 | 20.6 | 18.7 | 17.9 | 19.3 | 18.8 | 45.2 | 38.3 | ||
Body mass index (kgm2) | ||||||||||
<25 | 72.6 | 74.6 | 77.5 | 77.0 | 69.6 | 77.7 | 85.1 | 75.5 | 0.142 | 0.143 |
⩾25 | 27.4 | 24.3 | 22.5 | 22.8 | 30.4 | 19.8 | 14.9 | 23.8 | ||
Parent's educationd | ||||||||||
Compulsory schooling | 8.6 | 8.0 | 4.4 | 25.0 | 0.009 | |||||
Vocational training | 47.3 | 43.3 | 47.8 | 29.2 | ||||||
Higher secondaryb | 29.1 | 32.5 | 30.4 | 31.3 | ||||||
University | 9.4 | 12.9 | 13.9 | 4.2 | ||||||
Clinical characteristics | ||||||||||
Age at diagnosis (years) | ||||||||||
≤ 4 | 29.6 | 26.3 | 25.4 | 21.4 | 0.209 | |||||
5–8 | 21.9 | 28.1 | 21.9 | 26.2 | ||||||
9–12 | 21.3 | 22.3 | 26.3 | 11.9 | ||||||
>12 | 27.3 | 23.2 | 26.3 | 40.5 | ||||||
Diagnosis | ||||||||||
Leukaemia | 33.2 | 40.7 | 40.0 | 35.7 | 0.024 | |||||
Lymphoma | 17.9 | 17.7 | 24.6 | 16.7 | ||||||
CNS tumour | 16.8 | 8.3 | 7.0 | 16.7 | ||||||
Other solid tumoure | 32.1 | 33.3 | 29.0 | 31.0 | ||||||
Therapy | ||||||||||
Surgery only | 8.2 | 9.8 | 11.4 | 16.7 | 0.007 | |||||
Chemotherapy, but no radiotherapy | 42.6 | 51.4 | 57.0 | 26.2 | ||||||
Any radiotherapy | 36.7 | 26.9 | 22.8 | 33.3 | ||||||
BMT | 11.9 | 10.7 | 7.9 | 21.4 | ||||||
Relapse | ||||||||||
No | 80.1 | 89.3 | 89.5 | 81.0 | 0.003 | |||||
Yes | 19.9 | 10.7 | 10.5 | 19.1 |
Abbreviations: CHF=Swiss Francs; CNS=central nervous system; BMT=bone marrow transplantation.
χ2-test for differences in prevalence of characteristics between clusters.
Higher secondary education includes high school, teachers training colleges, technical colleges and higher vocational education.
Does not have a Swiss passport or has received the Swiss passport after date of birth or parents originate from another country.
The highest level of education of either father or mother.
Includes neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, Wilms tumour, liver tumour, germ cell tumour, epithelial neoplasms, malignant melanomas, unspecified malignant tumours and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Data are prevalence in %