Table 4.

 Healthcare resource use, unit costs, probability of use, production loss per day, and length of absence due to illness, price level 2008

Variables	Germany			Netherlands			United Kingdom
	Unit cost (€)	Resource units or probability of use		Unit cost (€)	Resource units or probability of use		Unit cost (€)	Resource units or probability of use
Direct costs:
Vaccine and administration costs	16*†	2 doses		16*†	2 doses		16*†	2 doses
Visits to doctor if influenza-like illness	9.7041	24%13		21.8024	24%13		44.40‡	24%13
Antibiotics prescribed by doctor	20.5041	17.5%41		6.90142	20%42		9.6043	20%42
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) prescribed by doctor*	2144	Treatment course		2144	Treatment course		2144	Treatment course
Over-the-counter drugs for influenza-like illness	642	80%41		6.3042	80%42		7.3043	80%42
Episode of hospital stay	407541	—		339824	—		2892‡	—
Production losses:
Per day, ages 20-40	23341	—		21342	—		118‡	—
Per day, ages 40-65	23341	—		25542	—		132‡	—
Days of absence, all ages	—	2.1641		—	3.2542		—	2.9‡

Dutch data are used when country specific data are missing. Prices updated to 2008 using country specific consumer price index.

*Per dose, including costs of administering drug.

†Assumed the same for all three countries.

‡Personal communication, K Tolley, 2008.