Figure 1. PVL-mediated PMN plasma membrane pore formation and cytolysis.

(A) Pore formation. PMNs (1×10⁶) were incubated with 1 nM, 2 nM, or 5 nM native PVL or iPVL for 30 min, and plasma membrane permeability was evaluated using an EtBr uptake assay. (B) PMN lysis. PMNs (1×10⁶) were incubated with 1 nM, 2 nM, or 5 nM native PVL or iPVL for 3 h. Lysis was determined by a standard assay that measures release of LDH. Bars in A and B indicate the mean ± se of three PMN donors. (C) SDS-PAGE of PVL subunits purified from USA300ΔhlgABC culture supernatants. *P < 0.05 for the indicated comparisons using a one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-test.