Table 3.
Adjusted HRs for development of AMI in subjects with DME compared with age/gender matched diabetes controls*, 1 July 2002 to 31 December 2005
| Reference exposure | HR | 95% CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
|
DME versus diabetes controls |
2.50 |
1.83 – 3.41 |
< 0.001 |
|
Covariates† |
|
|
|
| Angina |
1.00 |
0.59 - 1.71 |
1.00 |
| Cardiac arrhythmia |
1.19 |
0.75 - 1.87 |
0.47 |
| Charlson comorbidity index |
0.98 |
0.88 - 1.08 |
0.63 |
| Congestive heart failure |
1.57 |
0.98 - 2.52 |
0.06 |
|
Heart disease |
2.45 |
1.72 - 3.48 |
< 0.001 |
|
History of AMI |
2.62 |
1.35 - 5.07 |
0.004 |
| History of CVA |
1.37 |
0.71 - 2.66 |
0.35 |
| Hyperlipidemia |
0.75 |
0.55 - 1.01 |
0.06 |
| Hypertension |
0.92 |
0.67 - 1.27 |
0.62 |
| Other cerebrovascular disease |
1.47 |
0.68 - 3.19 |
0.33 |
| Prior anti-platelet or anticoagulant | 1.93 | 1.28 - 2.89 | 0.002 |
*Diabetes controls - diabetes subjects without ophthalmic manifestations, retinal disorders, or vitreous hemorrhage.
† All covariates were included in the regression model; bolded text indicates statistical signficance.
DME = diabetic macular edema; AMI = acute myocardial infarction; CVA = cerebrovascular accident; CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratios.