Figure 11. Mechanism of activation of trimeric Env.
(a) Top view of the locations of the three N-terminal helices in the open conformation (as in Figure 10). (b) Top view of the locations of the same helices in the crystal structure (1AIK) of the six-helix bundle formed by the three N- and three C-terminal helices, illustrating the more compact packing in the post-fusion state. (c) Superposition of the arrangement of the three N-terminal helices in the open quaternary Env conformation (cyan) derived from cryo-electron microscopy of soluble trimeric Env with that in the post-fusion conformation (magenta) derived by X-ray crystallography of the six-helix bundle.