Table 4. Association between CT utilization and ED outcomes^†.

ED outcomes	CT utilization	OR		95% CI	P
High ED cost	No		Reference	–	–
	Yes (24.0%)		21.70	17.00–27.71	<.0001
Long ED length of stay	No		Reference	–	–
	Yes (24.1%)		1.22	1.12–1.34	<.0001
Admitted to wards	No		Reference	–	–
	Yes (22.4%)		0.82	0.65–1.04	.1045
Received emergency operations	No		Reference	–	–
	Yes (40.6%)		2.31	1.94–2.76	<.0001

^†Regression model adjusted for age, patient gender, arrival hours, and clinical condition. General estimation equation (GEE) was used to account for the clustering of patients among physicians.

ED, emergency department, OR, Odds Ratio, CI, confidence interval.