Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of SOLVD-Treatment trial participants with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD) by randomization to enalapril or placebo
| CKD (n=1036)
|
No CKD (n=1466)
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo (n=538) | Enalapril (n=498) | Placebo (n=714) | Enalapril (n=752) | |
| Age, years† | 64.5 (±7.6) | 64.1 (±8.3) | 57.7 (±10.0) | 57.6 (±10.4) |
| Female† | 135 (25%) | 119 (24%) | 117 (16%) | 119 (16%) |
| Race† | ||||
| White | 452 (84%) | 414 (83%) | 565 (79%) | 578 (77%) |
| African American | 61 (11%) | 55 (11%) | 119 (17%) | 146 (19%) |
| Other | 25 (5%) | 29 (6%) | 30 (4%) | 28 (4%) |
| Current smoker† | 74 (14%) | 79 (16%) | 189 (27%) | 204 (27%) |
| New York Heart Association class† | ||||
| I | 59 (11%) | 58 (12%) | 111 (16%) | 119 (16%) |
| II | 288 (54%) | 237 (48%) | 398 (56%) | 422 (56%) |
| III | 178 (33%) | 196 (39%) | 189 (27%) | 199 (27%) |
| IV | 13 (2%) | 7 (1%) | 16 (2%) | 12 (2%) |
| Ischemic heart disease† | 394 (73%) | 364 (73%) | 510 (71%) | 516 (69%) |
| Myocardial infarction | 354 (66%) | 336 (68%) | 463 (65%) | 496 (66%) |
| Angina pectoris† | 224 (42%) | 197 (40%) | 267 (37%) | 254 (34%) |
| Hypertension† | 240 (45%) | 248 (50%) | 279 (39%) | 283 (38%) |
| Diabetes mellitus† | 158 (29%) | 150 (30%) | 177 (25%) | 161 (21%) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 45 (8%) | 40 (8%) | 38 (5%) | 74 (10%)* |
| Medications | ||||
| Beta-blockers | 39 (7%) | 34 (7%) | 48 (7%) | 67 (9%) |
| Digitalis† | 350 (65%) | 313 (63%) | 504 (71%) | 512 (68%) |
| Diuretics† | 477 (89%) | 441 (89%) | 589 (83%) | 682 (84%) |
| Potassium-sparing diuretic | 53 (10%) | 47 (9%) | 64 (9%) | 69 (9%) |
| Potassium supplements | 267 (50%) | 275 (55%) | 347 (49%) | 370 (49%) |
| Nitrates† | 246 (46%) | 219 (44%) | 306 (43%) | 279 (37%)* |
| Anti-arrhythmic drugs† | 133 (25%) | 136 (27%) | 128 (18%) | 150 (20%) |
| Calcium-channel blockers† | 184 (34%) | 166 (33%) | 223 (31%) | 200 (27%) |
| Anticoagulants | 84 (16%) | 70 (14%) | 116 (16%) | 128 (17%) |
| Anti-platelet agents | 193 (36%) | 166 (33%) | 238 (33%) | 249 (33%) |
| Weight, kg† | 75 (±8) | 76 (±8) | 78 (±10) | 78 (±9) |
| Heart rate, beats/min† | 78 (±12) | 80 (±13) | 81 (±14) | 80 (±13) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg† | 126 (±18) | 127 (±19) | 124 (±17) | 124 (±17) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg† | 76 (±10) | 77 (±11) | 77 (±10) | 78 (±10) |
| Serum sodium, mmol/liter | 140 (±3) | 140 (±3) | 140 (±3) | 140 (±3) |
| Serum potassium, mmol/liter† | 4.3 (±0.5) | 4.3 (±0.5) | 4.3 (±0.4) | 4.2 (±0.4) |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dl† | 1.49 (±0.27) | 1.50 (±0.27) | 1.06 (±0.18) | 1.06 (±0.18) |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate, ml/min/1.73m2 | 49 (±8) | 49 (±8) | 78 (±14)‡ | 78 (±14)‡ |
| Cardiothoracic ratio >0.50† | 296 (55%) | 294 (59%) | 401 (56%) | 430 (57%) |
| Ejection fraction, % | 25 (±7) | 25 (±6) | 25 (±7) | 25 (±7) |
*
P<0.05
†
P<0.05 between CKD and no-CKD groups
‡
Estimated using the CKD-EPI formula