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. 2012 Jul 13;2:509. doi: 10.1038/srep00509

Figure 1. AFM imaging of DNA-H-NS complexes.

Figure 1

(a & b) λ-DNA (10 ng) incubated with wtH-NS (1.5 µM) shows extended DNA-protein complex conformation with occasional DNA hairpin formations (pointed out with arrows in panel b). (c–j) In contrast, all gene silencing negative H-NS mutants exhibits significantly different DNA-protein complex conformation from wtH-NS; (c–d) H-NS R15E mutant forms heterogeneous DNA-protein complex with rare small-scale DNA condensation (indicated by arrow in panel d). (e & f, g & h) H-NS L26P and L30P mutants cause large-scale DNA condensation. (i & j) C-terminal domain mutant H-NS P115A also causes DNA condensation. (k & l) The gene silencing positive H-NS L30K mutant forms extended DNA-protein complex that is similar to wtH-NS. In addition, DNA hairpin conformation was also observed (indicated by arrow in panel l). All AFM images has a z-scale of 0-1.5 nm.