Table 1. Characteristics of the study subjects and associations betweenpotential risk factors and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
| Variable | Control (n=29)n (%) | Case (n=33)n (%) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||
| Female | 16 (55.2) | 10 (30.3) | |
| Male | 13 (44.8) | 23 (69.7) | 0.048 |
| Age (in years) | |||
| ≤ 69 | 17 (58.6) | 11 (33.3) | 0.046 |
| 70–74 | 7 (24.1) | 9 (27.3) | 0.778 |
| ≥ 75 | 5 (17.2) | 13 (39.4) | 0.055 |
| BMI | |||
| Lean | 4 (13.8) | 3 (9.1) | 0.696 |
| Normal | 9 (31.0) | 9 (27.3) | 0.745 |
| Overweight | 7 (24.1) | 4 (12.1) | 0.217 |
| Obese | 9 (31.0) | 17 (51.5) | 0.103 |
| Smoking status | |||
| Non smoker | 24 (82.8) | 19 (57.6) | 0.032 |
| Smoker | 5 (17.2) | 14 (42.4) | |
| UV index | |||
| First quartile | 10 (34.5) | 7 (21.2) | 0.243 |
| Second quartile | 8 (27.6) | 6 (18.2) | 0.377 |
| Third quartile | 8 (27.6) | 9 (27.3) | 0.978 |
| Fourth quartile | 3 (10.3) | 11 (33.3) | 0.037 |
| H/O hypertension | |||
| Absent | 20 (69.0) | 16 (48.5) | 0.103 |
| Present | 9 (31.0) | 17 (51.5) | |
| Dietary carotenoid (mg/d) | |||
| First quartile | 1 (3.4) | 14 (42.4) | <0.0001 |
| Second quartile | 8 (27.6) | 8 (24.2) | 0.819 |
| Third quartile | 9 (31.0) | 7 (21.2) | 0.378 |
| Fourth quartile | 11 (37.9) | 4 (12.1) | 0.035 |
| MPOD | |||
| High | 20 (69.0) | 10 (30.3) | 0.002 |
| Low | 9 (31.0) | 23 (69.7) | |
Abbreviations: BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; BMI, body mass index; H/O, history of; mg/d, milligram per day; UV, ultraviolet.
Bold values are statistically significant.