Table 4. Unadjusted and adjusted mean macular pigment optical density values in wet AMD.

Variable	Control				Case
	Unadjusted		Adjusted		Unadjusted		Adjusteda
	Mean±SD	P-value	Mean (95% of CI)	P-value	Mean±SD	P-value	Mean (95% of CI)	P-value
Gender
Male	0.43±0.20	0.870	0.41 (0.32–0.49)	0.390	0.20±0.12	0.101	0.23 (0.18–0.28)	0.976
Female	0.44±0.17		0.46 (0.39–0.54)		0.28±0.14		0.23 (0.15–0.31)
Age
≤69	0.48±0.17	0.284	0.47 (0.40–0.55)	0.361	0.19±0.11	0.610	0.19 (0.11–0.27)	0.457
70–74	0.35±0.16		0.40 (0.28–0.52)		0.23±0.14		0.27 (0.18–0.35)
≥75	0.43±0.21		0.36 (0.20–0.53)		0.25±0.14		0.23 (0.16–0.31)
BMI
Lean	0.57±0.25	0.016	0.65 (0.49–0.81)	0.003	0.22±0.23	0.759	0.31 (0.14–0.48)	0.298
Normal	0.54±0.17		0.55 (0.45–0.66)		0.27±0.13		0.27 (0.18–0.35)
Overweight	0.37±0.12		0.36 (0.23–0.49)		0.22±0.16		0.15 (0.02–0.27)
Obese	0.33±0.11		0.29 (0.18–0.40)		0.21±0.11		0.21 (0.16–0.27)
Smoking status
Non smoker	0.43±0.18	0.861	0.44 (0.39–0.50)	0.741	0.27±0.12	0.041	0.28 (0.22–0.34)	0.026
Smoker	0.45±0.20		0.42 (0.28–0.55)		0.18±0.12		0.16 (0.09–0.23)
UV index
First quartile	0.48±0.21	0.350	0.46 (0.38–0.54)	0.010	0.29±0.15	0.451	0.23 (0.12–0.34)	0.938
Second quartile	0.46±0.17		0.51 (0.41–0.61)		0.22±0.17		0.26 (0.15–0.36)
Third quartile	0.43±0.17		0.44 (0.35–0.52)		0.23±0.08		0.22 (0.14–0.31)
Fourth quartile	0.26±0.04		0.17 (0.01–0.33)		0.19±0.12		0.22 (0.14–0.29)
H/O hypertension
Absent	0.46±0.18	0.379	0.46 (0.39–0.53)	0.354	0.25±0.13	0.384	0.25 (0.19–0.31)	0.238
Present	0.39±0.18		0.39 (0.28–0.50)		0.21±0.12		0.20 (0.15–0.26)
Dietary carotenoids
First quartile	0.67±NA	0.256	0.58 (0.26–0.89)	0.707	0.15±0.07	0.004	0.14 (0.08–0.21)	0.012
Second quartile	0.37±0.15		0.41 (0.31–0.52)		0.26±0.14		0.27 (0.19–0.35)
Third quartile	0.40±0.17		0.42 (0.32–0.52)		0.34±0.09		0.33 (0.24–0.43)
Fourth quartile	0.49±0.19		0.46 (0.37–0.54)		0.25±0.14		0.25 (0.13–0.36)

Abbreviations: BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; BMI, body mass index; H/O, history of; UV, ultraviolet.

^aAdjusted for gender, age, BMI, smoking status, BCVA, UV index, H/O diabetes, H/O hypertension and dietary intake of carotenoids.

Bold values are statistically significant.