Table 4.
Multilevel models of activation ratio and daily behavior problems predicting cortisol levels
| Awakening |
30 minutes after awakening |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Fixed effect | ||||||
| Intercept | 3.06 (0.34)** | 3.06 (0.34)** | 3.06 (0.33)** | 3.23 (0.37)** | 3.23 (0.37)** | 3.23 (0.37)** |
| Person-level predictors | ||||||
| Maternal education | −0.05 (0.03) | −0.05 (0.03) | −0.05 (0.03) | 0.003 (0.03) | 0.003 (0.03) | 0.003 (0.03) |
| Maternal age | −0.003 (0.007) | −0.003 (0.007) | −0.003 (0.007) | −0.01 (0.007) | −0.01 (0.007) | −0.01 (0.007) |
| Marital status (married = 1) | −0.11 (0.17) | −0.11 (0.17) | −0.09 (0.17) | 0.07 (0.15) | 0.07 (0.15) | 0.07 (0.15) |
| Additional child w/disability (yes = 1) | −0.22 (0.11)* | −0.22 (0.11)* | −0.21 (0.11)* | −0.23 (0.10)* | −0.23 (0.10)* | −0.23 (0.10)* |
| Nonpsychoactive medication (yes = 1) | 0.22 (0.11)* | 0.22 (0.11)* | 0.23 (0.11)* | 0.10 (0.10) | 0.10 (0.10) | 0.10 (0.10) |
| Antidepressant/antianxiety medication | −0.21 (0.13) | −0.21 (0.13) | −0.21 (0.13) | −0.18 (0.10) | −0.18 (0.10) | −0.18 (0.10) |
| Child residence (parents = 1) | −0.01 (0.17) | −0.01 (0.17) | −0.02 (0.17) | −0.13 (0.19) | −0.13 (0.19) | −0.13 (0.19) |
| Child’s sex (male = 1) | −0.21 (0.20) | −0.21 (0.21) | −0.21 (0.21) | −0.08 (0.15) | −0.08 (0.19) | −0.08 (0.19) |
| Activation ratio (AR) | −0.42 (0.29) | −0.42 (0.29) | −0.42 (0.33) | −0.23 (0.24) | −0.23 (0.37) | −0.23 (0.24) |
| Day-level predictors | ||||||
| Collection time | −0.009 (0.04) | −0.006 (0.04) | −0.004 (0.04) | −0.13 (0.03)** | −0.13 (0.03)** | −0.13 (0.03)** |
| Previous-day behavior problems | — | 0.02 (0.03) | 0.04 (0.02) | — | −0.01 (0.02) | −0.007 (0.02) |
| Cross-level interaction | ||||||
| AR × Previous-day behavior problems | — | — | 0.40 (0.11)** | — | — | 0.07 (0.11) |
| Random effect (variance) | ||||||
| Between-person intercept (Level 2) | 22.43 (d.f. = 64) χ2 = 410.41** |
22.40 (d.f. = 64) χ2 = 409.07** |
22.55 (d.f. = 64) χ2 = 423.22** |
17.08 (d.f. = 64) χ2 = 337.19** |
17.08 (d.f. = 64) χ2 = 335.98** |
17.06 (d.f. = 64) χ2 = 334.40** |
| Within-person (Level 1) | 12.95 | 12.98 | 12.54 | 13.59 | 13.64 | 13.71 |
Note.
*
p < .05;
**
p < .01.