Figure 1.

Trajectories of total difficulty score (TDS) between 12–16-year-olds by cultural identity and gender-adjusted mean TDS predicted from linear-mixed regression models. Age-specific TDS means predicted from gender-specific linear-mixed models adjusted for age, generational status, standard of living, experience of racism, place of worship attendance, family structure, parental care, parental control (control and control × age interaction), quality of the relationship with parents, proportion of free school meal and income dimension of the Index of Multiple Deprivation. The regressions were performed using 45 multiple imputations of missing outcome and covariate values. Predictions were derived using Rubin's rules