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. 2012 Apr 13;41(3):791–802. doi: 10.1093/ije/dys007

Table 1.

Cultural identity by sample characteristics (%) at each measurement point

Sample characteristics 11–13 years
 14–16 years
n = Integrated Traditional Assimilated Marginalized n = Integrated Traditional Assimilated Marginalized
4785 29.0 27.5 26.3 17.2 4785 34.5 27.6 26.7 11.3
Gender
    Male 2615 30.6 27.4 25.2 16.8 2615 37.9 25.6 24.6 11.9
    Female 2170 27.1 27.7 27.6 17.6 2170 30.4 30.0 29.2 10.5
Ethnicity
    White UK 0873 28.7 34.2 19.7 17.4 0873 33.6 33.3 20.8 12.3
    Other White 0464 21.7 22.0 35.2 21.2 0464 32.4 15.4 40.1 12.1
    Black Caribbean 0780 31.7 38.2 14.0 16.1 0780 31.7 40.6 13.4 14.3
    Nigerian/Ghanaian 0505 33.8 28.6 24.2 13.5 0505 37.5 31.8 21.7 9.0
    Other African 0387 29.9 18.8 35.2 16.1 0387 35.0 19.2 32.2 13.6
    Indian 0419 29.4 25.7 26.1 18.9 0419 40.5 24.6 28.5 6.5
    Pakistani 0295 33.0 32.1 18.2 16.7 0295 43.8 28.5 20.5 7.2
    Bangladeshi 0151 29.1 26.1 31.2 13.6 0151 43.0 31.2 16.1 9.7
    Mixed Black Caribbean/White 0262 29.8 19.6 32.8 17.8 0262 28.4 17.1 40.3 14.2
    Other 0649 24.9 16.9 39.7 18.6 0649 30.4 19.6 40.1 10.0
Generational status
    Born abroad 3604 27.4 23.8 28.3 20.5 3604 34.1 22.7 28.5 14.8
Standard living
    Least advantaged 1357 25.6 26.3 28.7 19.5 1685 29.2 26.5 29.8 14.5
    Most advantaged 1497 32.8 28.4 23.2 15.5 1222 38.9 28.7 23.6 8.8
Racism
    Experienced 1191 31.3 23.1 28.4 17.2 1361 35.3 23.8 29.3 11.6
Religious attendance
    Often/regularly 2558 31.3 28.0 25.2 15.5 2262 38.2 27.8 23.6 10.4
Family structure
    Single parent household 1227 28.7 27.1 28.3 16.0 1292 31.6 28.7 27.9 11.8
Parent care score
    Low care 1480 25.7 27.6 27.5 19.3 2338 32.7 28.6 27.2 11.6
    High care 1869 32.4 27.7 24.0 15.9 1121 36.8 24.3 26.7 12.3
Parent control score
    Low control 1221 32.6 28.2 24.7 14.6 1431 36.0 27.7 26.1 10.1
    High control 1518 26.0 26.7 27.3 20.1 1683 32.3 26.7 27.8 13.2
Activities shared with parents
    <12 activities/week 1147 23.3 27.6 31.1 17.9 2187 32.2 28.1 28.6 11.1
    ≥24 activities/week 1122 33.3 27.0 23.3 16.5 0393 41.1 22.0 23.9 13.1
Free school mealsa
    ≥50% of pupils 1095 26.3 25.4 27.3 21.0 1001 34.8 20.6 29.4 15.2
Income IMDa,b score
    Low score 0819 28.3 34.0 23.5 14.3 0554 36.1 32.0 23.3 8.6
    High score 1461 27.9 26.2 28.5 17.4 1931 34.3 25.9 27.5 12.4

aFree school meals and Index of Multiple Deprivation scores are proxies for deprivation at school and area levels, respectively.

bIndex of Multiple Deprivation.