Table 2.

Total difficulty score (TDS) by cultural identity status, ethnicity and gender (adjusted for age) at each measurement point

TDS by gender	Integrated	Traditional	Assimilated	Marginalized	All
	Mean (95% CI)	Mean (95% CI)	Mean (95% CI)	Mean (95% CI)	Mean (95% CI)
Male students
TDS (years)
11–13	10.1 (9.7–10.5)	10.8 (10.4–11.1)	10.6 (10.2–11.0)	11.3 (10.8–11.8)	10.6 (10.4–10.8)
14–16	9.4 (9.1–9.7)	9.8 (9.4–10.1)	10.0 (9.6–10.3)	10.7 (10.2–11.2)	9.8 (9.6–10.0)
TDS > 17 (%; years)
11–13	8.0 (6.0–10.0)	10.5 (8.1–12.8)	8.9 (6.5–11.2)	12.7 (9.4–16.0)	9.7 (8.5–10.8)
14–16	4.6 (3.3–5.6)	5.3 (3.6–7.1)	7.3 (5.2–9.3)	7.9 (4.8–10.9)	5.8 (4.9–6.7)
Female students
TDS (years)
11–13	11.2 (10.7–11.6)	10.9 (10.4–11.3)	11.0 (10.6–11.5)	11.4 (10.9–12.0)	11.1 (10.9–11.3)
14–16	10.7 (10.3–11.1)	10.9 (10.5–11.3)	11.3 (10.9–11.7)	11.9 (11.3–12.6)	11.0 (10.8–11.3)
TDS > 17 (%; years)
11–13	11.6 (8.9–14.3)	10.1 (7.5–12.6)	11.0 (8.4–13.6)	16.5 (12.7–20.4)	11.9 (10.5–13.2)
14–16	9.9 (7.6–12.2)	9.3 (7.0–11.5)	11.8 (9.3–14.3)	12.9 (8.5–17.4)	10.6 (9.3–11.9)