Table 1.

Summary of study populations. Details about and references for study sites are in (15).

Common name	Species	Family	Country	Avg. annual rainfall (mm)*	Life-style	Start year †	Sample size		Adult age‡		Predominant dispersing sex	Mean age of first dispersal (years)
							M	F	M	F
Sifaka	Propithecus verreauxi	Indriidae	Madagascar	578	Arboreal	1984	291	219	5–6	6–7	M	4–5
Northern Muriqui	Brachyteles hypoxanthus	Atelidae	Brazil	1180	Arboreal	1983	192	212	6–7	8–9	F	6–7
Capuchin	Cebus capucinus	Cebidae	Costa Rica	1736	Arboreal	1983	98	58	6–7	6–7	M¶	4–5
Yellow baboon	Papio cynocephalus	Cercopithecidae	Kenya	347	Semi-terrestrial	1971	489	437	7–8	5–6	M	7–8
Blue monkey	Cercopithecus mitis	Cercopithecidae	Kenya	1962	Arboreal	1979	128	194	8–9	7–8	M	7–8
Chimpanzee	Pan troglodytes	Hominidae	Tanzania	1330	Semi-terrestrial	1963	122	144	14–15	14–15	F	12–13
Gorilla	Gorilla beringei	Hominidae	Rwanda	1358	Terrestrial	1967	128	120	15–16	9–10	M# F	15–16 7–8

^*Average annual rainfall for each study, representative of the study years. Rainfall data for gorillas were collected by the Rwandan Government Meteorological Office at a location several kilometers from the field site and at a lower elevation. Rainfall data for other studies were collected at the study site.

^†Year study was established. Latest census date for all populations in these analyses was December 2008.

^‡Mean age class at which adulthood is attained for each sex. Male onset of adult stage was defined as mean age of likely first reproduction (using physical criteria such as copulation with ejaculation, behavioral criteria such as the onset of mate guarding behavior, or genetically confirmed paternity). Female onset of adult stage is defined as the mean age of first live birth.

^¶Twelve percent of female capuchins disperse. The average age interval of dispersing capuchin females is 6 to 7 years.

^#Both sexes disperse in gorillas.