Table 3.
Prevalence, standard error and Brier scores of pesticide use in holdout dataset (N = 7269) of the AHS.
| Pesticide name | Observed |
Imputeda |
Reference Brier | Brier score | Brier skill score | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence (%) | Standard error | Prevalence (%) | Standard error | ||||
| METHYL BROMIDE | 0.43 | 0.08 | 0.56 | 0.12 | 0.004 | 0.004 | −0.001 |
| ALUMINUM PHOSPHIDE | 0.59 | 0.09 | 0.71 | 0.13 | 0.006 | 0.005 | 0.149 |
| BENOMYL | 0.37 | 0.07 | 0.29 | 0.08 | 0.004 | 0.004 | −0.007 |
| CHLOROTHALONIL | 2.39 | 0.18 | 2.33 | 0.26 | 0.023 | 0.018 | 0.214 |
| CAPTAN | 2.12 | 0.17 | 2.11 | 0.28 | 0.021 | 0.020 | 0.053 |
| MANEB/MANCOZEB | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.18 | 0.06 | 0.002 | 0.002 | −0.020 |
| METALAXYL | 2.66 | 0.19 | 2.09 | 0.23 | 0.026 | 0.023 | 0.124 |
| ZIRAM | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.090 |
| ATRAZINE | 31.85 | 0.55 | 27.64 | 0.69 | 0.217 | 0.177 | 0.185 |
| DICAMBA | 19.16 | 0.46 | 17.39 | 0.48 | 0.155 | 0.128 | 0.177 |
| CYANAZINE | 1.75 | 0.15 | 1.50 | 0.21 | 0.017 | 0.017 | 0.029 |
| CHLORIMURON-ETHYL | 2.93 | 0.20 | 2.93 | 0.36 | 0.028 | 0.027 | 0.050 |
| METOLACHLOR | 14.87 | 0.42 | 13.23 | 0.55 | 0.127 | 0.113 | 0.109 |
| EPTC | 0.30 | 0.06 | 0.30 | 0.09 | 0.003 | 0.003 | −0.003 |
| ALACHLOR | 2.82 | 0.19 | 2.43 | 0.32 | 0.027 | 0.026 | 0.052 |
| METRIBUZIN | 2.19 | 0.17 | 1.75 | 0.22 | 0.021 | 0.021 | 0.022 |
| PARAQUAT | 1.91 | 0.16 | 1.88 | 0.22 | 0.019 | 0.017 | 0.086 |
| PETRO. OIL/PETRO. DISTILLATES | 0.47 | 0.08 | 0.60 | 0.13 | 0.005 | 0.005 | −0.006 |
| PENDIMETHALIN | 11.24 | 0.37 | 10.36 | 0.48 | 0.100 | 0.093 | 0.068 |
| IMAZETHAPYR | 7.76 | 0.31 | 7.36 | 0.39 | 0.072 | 0.067 | 0.070 |
| GLYPHOSATE | 52.73 | 0.59 | 45.42 | 0.83 | 0.249 | 0.225 | 0.097 |
| TRIFLURALIN | 10.58 | 0.36 | 10.21 | 0.58 | 0.095 | 0.080 | 0.157 |
| 2,4-D | 36.92 | 0.57 | 33.30 | 0.86 | 0.233 | 0.190 | 0.184 |
| PERMETHRIN (for crops) | 3.36 | 0.21 | 2.71 | 0.24 | 0.032 | 0.031 | 0.036 |
| PERMETHRIN (for animals) | 3.05 | 0.20 | 2.83 | 0.33 | 0.030 | 0.028 | 0.061 |
| TERBUFOS | 3.80 | 0.22 | 3.38 | 0.33 | 0.037 | 0.033 | 0.095 |
| FONOFOS | 0.17 | 0.05 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.002 | 0.002 | −0.009 |
| TRICHLORFON | 0.17 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.002 | 0.002 | −0.028 |
| LINDANE | 1.39 | 0.14 | 1.07 | 0.18 | 0.014 | 0.013 | 0.046 |
| CARBOFURAN | 1.36 | 0.14 | 1.14 | 0.24 | 0.013 | 0.013 | 0.014 |
| CHLORPYRIFOS | 8.87 | 0.33 | 7.90 | 0.46 | 0.081 | 0.074 | 0.081 |
| MALATHION | 12.88 | 0.39 | 11.50 | 0.49 | 0.112 | 0.103 | 0.083 |
| CARBARYL | 9.34 | 0.34 | 7.69 | 0.65 | 0.085 | 0.079 | 0.072 |
| DIAZINON | 2.94 | 0.20 | 2.71 | 0.28 | 0.029 | 0.028 | 0.027 |
| ALDICARB | 1.66 | 0.15 | 1.57 | 0.18 | 0.016 | 0.012 | 0.256 |
| PHORATE | 0.59 | 0.09 | 0.69 | 0.17 | 0.006 | 0.006 | −0.024 |
| COUMAPHOS | 0.56 | 0.09 | 0.33 | 0.10 | 0.006 | 0.005 | 0.056 |
| DICHLORVOS | 0.65 | 0.09 | 0.48 | 0.12 | 0.006 | 0.006 | 0.010 |
Imputed prevalence is average of five imputations and standard error is calculated via equation in text.