TABLE 2.
Baseline characteristics of MESA participants free of prevalent type 2 diabetes by quintiles of total SF intake (n = 5209)1
| Quintiles of energy-adjusted total SF intake (g/d) |
||||||
| <14.5 | 14.5–17.1 | 17.2–19.2 | 19.3–22.2 | >22.3 | P-trend | |
| n | 1041 | 1043 | 1042 | 1042 | 1041 | |
| Median saturated fat intake (g/d) | 12.20 | 16.00 | 18.10 | 20.40 | 25.30 | |
| Age (y)2 | 62.1 ± 10.2 | 62.1 ± 10 | 62.5 ± 10.5 | 61.4 ± 10.6 | 61.1 ± 10.3 | <0.01 |
| Sex (% F) | 40.4 | 51.3 | 57.7 | 57.5 | 55.4 | <0.01 |
| Race-ethnicity (%) | <0.01 | |||||
| White | 37.0 | 38.5 | 40.0 | 44.3 | 55.6 | |
| African American | 23.3 | 25.1 | 23.9 | 26.4 | 23.4 | |
| Hispanic | 21.7 | 18.6 | 20.4 | 22.4 | 19.3 | |
| Chinese | 18.0 | 17.8 | 15.7 | 6.9 | 1.7 | |
| ≥12 y of formal education (%) | 84.0 | 82.9 | 83.0 | 84.2 | 85.6 | 0.76 |
| BMI (kg/m2)2 | 27.3 ± 4.9 | 27.4 ± 5 | 27.6 ± 5.4 | 28.4 ± 5.1 | 29 ± 5.8 | <0.01 |
| Physical activity (MET-min/wk)2 | ||||||
| Sedentary leisure | 1653 ± 1095 | 1638 ± 1105 | 1665 ± 1103 | 1663 ± 1127 | 1817 ± 1180 | <0.01 |
| Active leisure | 2797 ± 3323 | 2530 ± 2735 | 2528 ± 3370 | 2328 ± 2995 | 2285 ± 2695 | <0.01 |
| Cigarette pack-years | 10.1 ± 27.7 | 8.3 ± 15.5 | 10.2 ± 19 | 11.7 ± 20.7 | 16.2 ± 26.3 | <0.01 |
| Weekly dietary supplement use (percentage current) | 36.0 | 34.7 | 34.8 | 34.2 | 35.1 | <0.01 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)2 | 50.2 ± 14.1 | 51.8 ± 15.4 | 52.4 ± 15.2 | 51.9 ± 15.0 | 52.0 ± 15.4 | 0.01 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)2 | 117.2 ± 30.0 | 116.9 ± 31.4 | 117.9 ± 30.6 | 117.9 ± 30.8 | 118.4 ± 31.3 | 0.26 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL)2 | 90.0 ± 10.5 | 89.6 ± 10.3 | 89.8 ± 10.6 | 88.8 ± 10.3 | 89.5 ± 10.9 | 0.14 |
| SBP (mm Hg)2 | 126.5 ± 21.0 | 126.1 ± 21.3 | 126.0 ± 21.6 | 125.0 ± 21.1 | 124.1 ± 20.5 | <0.01 |
| DBP (mm Hg)2 | 73.1 ± 10.0 | 72.1 ± 10.3 | 71.5 ± 10.3 | 71.6 ± 10.2 | 71.2 ± 10.2 | <0.01 |
| Dietary intakes2 | ||||||
| Energy (kcal/d) | 1898 ± 783 | 1396 ± 628 | 1294 ± 600 | 1426 ± 678 | 1844 ± 818 | 0.77 |
| Alcohol (g/d) | 9.0 ± 18.6 | 5.9 ± 12.5 | 4.1 ± 8.2 | 4.3 ± 8.6 | 4.7 ± 10.2 | <0.01 |
| Fiber (g/d)3 | 22.4 ± 8.1 | 19 ± 4.9 | 17.2 ± 4.2 | 15.8 ± 4 | 13.1 ± 4.7 | <0.01 |
| Vitamin E (IU/d)3 | 8.8 ± 4.8 | 8.2 ± 2.7 | 8.3 ± 2.6 | 8.3 ± 2.7 | 7.9 ± 3.3 | <0.01 |
| SF from different sources (g/d)34 | ||||||
| Dairy | 2.8 ± 3.3 | 5.0 ± 2.4 | 6.0 ± 2.5 | 7.0 ± 3.2 | 10.2 ± 6.7 | NA |
| Meat | 1.8 ± 2.1 | 2.8 ± 2.0 | 3.2 ± 1.7 | 3.5 ± 2.2 | 3.8 ± 3.9 | NA |
| Processed meats | 0.25 ± 1.1 | 0.78 ± 1.1 | 0.94 ± 1.1 | 1.0 ± 1.4 | 1.4 ± 2.7 | NA |
| Unprocessed meats | 1.3 ± 1.8 | 1.8 ± 1.7 | 2.1 ± 1.3 | 2.2 ± 1.8 | 1.9 ± 2.6 | NA |
| Butter SF | 0.13 ± 1.3 | 0.57 ± 1.1 | 0.70 ± 1.2 | 0.86 ± 1.8 | 1.4 ± 3.5 | NA |
| Plant SF | 0.79 ± 1.0 | 0.87 ± 0.84 | 0.94 ± 0.80 | 0.94 ± 0.85 | 0.96 ± 1.2 | NA |
| SF from mixed animal and plant sources | 3.3 ± 2.5 | 4.2 ± 1.9 | 4.7 ± 2.0 | 5.2 ± 2.5 | 5.3 ± 3.7 | NA |
1
P-trend values were derived by using unadjusted regression models. DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MET, metabolic equivalent; NA, not applicable; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SF, saturated fat.
2
Values are means ± SEs.
3
Values were adjusted for total energy intake.
4
Values are medians ± SEs.