Table 5. Risk of mortality after the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: sequential analysis of the Cox proportional-hazards regression models.
| Variables | Income quintile | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | p-value |
| Unadjusted | 1 (lowest) | 1.00 (referent) | |
| 2 | 0.954 (0.872, 1.043) | 0.298 | |
| 3 | 0.899 (0.819, 0.987) | 0.026 | |
| 4 | 0.922 (0.837, 1.016) | 0.100 | |
| 5 (highest) | 0.914 (0.829–1.007) | 0.070 | |
| Age and sex | 1 (lowest) | 1.00 (referent) | |
| 2 | 0.947 (0.866, 1.036) | 0.237 | |
| 3 | 0.889 (0.809, 0.976) | 0.013 | |
| 4 | 0.907 (0.824, 0.999) | 0.048 | |
| 5 (highest) | 0.905 (0.821, 0.998) | 0.045 | |
| Age and sex + comorbidity† | 1 (lowest) | 1.00 (referent) | |
| 2 | 0.973 (0.890, 1.064) | 0.547 | |
| 3 | 0.908 (0.827, 0.997) | 0.042 | |
| 4 | 0.928 (0.842, 1.022) | 0.127 | |
| 5 (highest) | 0.917 (0.832, 1.011) | 0.082 | |
| Age and sex + ultrasound screening‡ | 1 (lowest) | 1.00 (referent) | |
| 2 | 0.936 (0.855, 1.023) | 0.145 | |
| 3 | 0.879 (0.801, 0.965) | 0.007 | |
| 4 | 0.906 (0.823, 0.998) | 0.046 | |
| 5 (highest) | 0.905 (0.821, 0.998) | 0.045 | |
| Age and sex + curative treatment† | 1 (lowest) | 1.00 (referent) | |
| 2 | 0.997 (0.912, 1.091) | 0.950 | |
| 3 | 0.938 (0.855, 1.030) | 0.183 | |
| 4 | 0.937 (0.851, 1.032) | 0.187 | |
| 5 (highest) | 0.938 (0.850, 1.034) | 0.198 | |
| Age and sex + comorbidity† + ultrasound screening‡ | 1 (lowest) | 1.00 (referent) | |
| 2 | 0.961 (0.878, 1.051) | 0.380 | |
| 3 | 0.900 (0.820, 0.988) | 0.027 | |
| 4 | 0.922 (0.837, 1.016) | 0.101 | |
| 5 (highest) | 0.919 (0.834, 1.014) | 0.092 | |
| Age and sex + comorbidity† + curative treatment† | 1 (lowest) | 1.00 (referent) | |
| 2 | 1.031 (0.942, 1.127) | 0.506 | |
| 3 | 0.967 (0.881, 1.062) | 0.484 | |
| 4 | 0.963 (0.874, 1.061) | 0.445 | |
| 5 (highest) | 0.949 (0.860, 1.046) | 0.290 | |
| Age and sex + comorbidity† + ultrasound screening‡ + curative treatment† | 1 (lowest) | 1.00 (referent) | |
| 2 | 1.018 (0.930, 1.113) | 0.703 | |
| 3 | 0.963 (0.877, 1.057) | 0.430 | |
| 4 | 0.962 (0.873, 1.060) | 0.435 | |
| 5 (highest) | 0.952 (0.863, 1.050) | 0.323 | |
| All variables | 1 (lowest) | 1.00 (referent) | |
| 2 | 1.038 (0.949, 1.136) | 0.412 | |
| 3 | 0.953 (0.868, 1.047) | 0.315 | |
| 4 | 0.968 (0.878, 1.066) | 0.506 | |
| 5 (highest) | 1.017 (0.922, 1.122) | 0.729 |
†
Variable modeled as time-dependent covariate. ‡Patients were not considered as being screened if they had only one ultrasound in the three months prior to diagnosis or if they were receiving HCC care prior to the ultrasound. CI, confidence intervals; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.