FIG. 5.

Histological analysis of newly regenerated bone after implantation. Newly regenerated bone in the defect (Defect), PBS/agarose (PBS), DMEM(−)/agarose [DMEM(−)], MSC-CM/agarose (MSC-CM), and hMSCs/agarose (MSCs) groups was evaluated histologically. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of calvarial histological sections was performed 8 weeks after implantation. The arrows indicate the edges of the host bone and the dotted arrow and dotted line with asterisks indicate the newly regenerated bone. The bone bridge almost covered the defect in the MSC-CM group. In the MSCs group, partial regenerated bone was observed. Agarose gel remnants were not seen in these two groups. In the PBS and DMEM(−) groups, some newly regenerated bone and remnants of the agarose gel were seen, while in the Defect group most of the defect was filled with connective tissue. Inflammatory responses were not observed in any group. Color images available online at www.liebertonline.com/tea