. 2012 Apr 3;138(8):1299–1310. doi: 10.1007/s00432-012-1202-6

Table 4.

Association between CK17 and CK13 expression and clinicopathological variables in 108 patients with leukoplakia

Variables	Category	Number of cases^b	CK17 expression in leukoplakia^a				Significance^c	CK13 expression in leukoplakia^a				Significance^c
Variables	Category	Number of cases^b	–	+	++	+++	Significance^c	–	+	++	+++	Significance^c
Gender	Male	68	37	4	17	10		30	18	6	14
Gender	Female	40	16	3	20	1	NS	15	9	7	9	NS
Age	65>	51	24	5	18	4		24	10	7	10
Age	65<	57	29	2	19	7	NS	21	17	6	13	NS
Degree of dysplasia^d	Non-dysplasia	74	38	7	26	3		22	19	10	23
	Mild	20	9	0	7	4		14	6	0	0
	Moderate	8	2	0	3	3		4	2	2	0
	Severe	6	4	0	1	1	p < 0.01	5	0	1	0	p < 0.01
Localization of the lesion	Gingiva	45	28	3	14	0		19	10	6	10
	Tongue	44	20	2	12	10		17	12	5	10
	Palate	10	1	1	8	0		3	3	2	2
	Buccal mucosa	7	4	0	2	1		4	2	0	1
	Lip	1	0	0	1	0		1	0	0	0
	Floor of mouth	1	0	1	0	0	NS	1	0	0	0	NS

^aCK17 and CK13 were detected by immunohistochemical staining, and the degree of expression was estimated as described in the “Materials and Methods”

^bThe number of cases is indicated

^cStatistical significance of the association was determined by the chi-square test

^dThe histological degree of dysplasia was determined according to the criteria of WHO

NS not significance