Table 1.

Admixture Date Estimates in East and North African Populations

Region	Population	YRI-CEU Admixture Date	Ari-CEU Admixture Date
East Africa	Ari Blacksmith	−1228	NA
East Africa	Ethiopian Somali	−1094	−1201
East Africa	Ari Cultivator	−1017	NA
East Africa	Somali	−953	−1996
East Africa	Amhara	−637	−1502
East Africa	Tygray	−425	−1319
East Africa	Wolayta	−209	−1418
East Africa	Afar	−170	−1039
East Africa	Oromo1	−168	−1062
East Africa	Anuak	71	NA
East Africa	Oromo2	96	−906
West Asia	Druze	767	958
East Africa	Maasai	883	NA
West Asia	Saudi2	1109	1232
North Africa	Egyptian	1117	1283
West Asia	Bedouin2	1130	1122
West Asia	Palestinian	1159	1137
West Asia	Saudi	1164	1466
North Africa	Moroccan	1176	1407
West Asia	Bedouin1	1256	1365
North Africa	Mozabite	1267	1388
West Asia	Yemeni	1548	1548
East Africa	Gumuz	1588	NA
East Africa	South Sudanese	1839	NA
North America	African American	1855	NA

The date of admixture for each populations reported in the table was calculated with an in-house version of the ROLLOFF algorithm.³⁹ To facilitate the interpretation of results, we converted the number of generations into years using 30 years per generation, and then into a CE or BCE date by subtracting 2011. Column 3 reports this date, and models the populations as a mixture of CEU and YRI (Utah residents with ancestry from northern and western Europe and Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria, respectively, from the CEPH collection).³⁹ Column 4 reports corresponding estimates, modeled assuming admixture between CEU and the Ari Ethiopians. The rationale for these two analyses is provided in Figure S4. NA, not available.