Table 2.
Treatment, histopathological characteristics, and outcome.
| Case | Preoperative treatment | Operation | Residual tumor | Postoperative therapy | Morphologic type | Histological type | Prognosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | None | Left + chole | 0 | Omentectomy TAE | Elevated | Mod | 32 mo alive |
| 2 | None | Chole | 2 | NA | Diffuse invasion to the muscularis propria and submucosal layer | Mod | NA |
| 3 | None | Chole | 2 | NA | GBTT | Well | Died of pneumonia |
| 4 | IFN TAI |
Chole | 0 | Hepatectomy TAI |
Polypoid mass | Mod | 13 mo alive |
| 5 | TACE RFA | Chole | NA | NA | Pedunculated tumor | NA | NA |
| 6 | None | Right + chole | 0 | FAIT | GBTT | Poor | 63 mo alive |
| 7 | None | E-Right + chole | 0 | FAIT | GBTT | Poor | 4 mo alive |
| 8 | None | E-Left + chole | 2 | FAIT | GBTT | Mod | 6 mo dead |
| 9 | None | Left + chole | 0 | FAIT | NA (mp) | Poor | 54 mo dead |
| 10 | TACE | E-Left + chole | 2 | FAIT | NA (mp) | Poor | 9 mo dead |
| 11 | None | E-right + chole | 2 | FAIT | NA (mp) | Poor | 3 mo dead |
| 12 | TACE | Right + chole | 0 | None | NA (sm) | Poor | 5 mo dead |
| 13 | TACE | Ant + chole | 2 | None | Protruding (m-mp) | Poor | 6 mo dead |
| 14 | TAE RFA HIMAC | Chole | 0 | None | Elevated + diffuse | Mod | 10 mo alive |
| 15 | En bloc resection of gallbladder and the liver surrounding the gallbladder | Chole | 0 | None | Mass located below serosa | Mod | 24 mo alive |
| 16 | TACE | Chole | 2 | Sorafenib | GBTT | Poor | 2 mo dead |
IFN, interferon; TAI, transcatheter hepatic arterial infusion; RFA, radiofrequency ablation; TACE, transarterial chemoembolization; TAE, transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization HIMAC, heavy-ion medical accelerator complex; Left, left hepatectomy; chole, cholecystectomy; Right, right hepatectomy; E-, extended; Ant, anterior segmentectomy; FAIT, intraarterial infusion of 5-FU and subcutaneous interferon-alpha injection therapy; GBTT, gallbladder vein tumor thrombus; Mod, moderate; NA, not available: mo, month.