. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jul 16.

Published in final edited form as: Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch. 2010 Apr 26;41(3):328–339. doi: 10.1044/0161-1461(2009/08-0077)

Table 1.

Characteristics of the study participants—32 typically developing 6-year-olds (6N), 15 classified as presenting low vocabulary ability and low socioeconomic status (LSES) and 17 classified as presenting average vocabulary ability and middle socioeconomic status (MSES); ten 6-year-olds with speech-language impairment (SLI); and 20 typically developing children who served as language matches within their respective studies (4N).

	N	Age (months)			Maternal education^a			Dialect rating^b			DDM^c			LEITER–R^d			PPVT–III^e			TOLD–P:3 ^f			MLU^g
	N	M	SD	Range	M	SD	Range	M	SD	Range	M	SD	Range	M	SD	Range	M	SD	Range	M	SD	Range	M	SD	Range
6N	32	73.09	3.68	67–83	12.78	2.98	6–16	4.85	1.31	1.7–7.0	27	15	7–45	10.08	1.73	6.0–15.0	91.72	12.97	68–117	90.81	14.86	59–124	6.49	1.21	4.22–8.99
LSES	15	73.47	4.02	67–83	10.00	1.41	6–11	5.58	1.03	3.0–7.0	32	10	12–45	9.47	1.55	6.0–11.5	80.27	6.60	68–90	81.13	15.27	59–124	6.49	1.38	4.22–8.99
MSES	17	72.76	3.44	67–81	15.24	1.35	12–16	4.22	1.21	1.7–6.0	24	10	7–41	10.63	1.74	8.5–15.0	101.82	7.50	89–117	99.35	7.65	89–115	6.48	1.09	4.48–8.13
SLI	10	77.50	4.77	66–85	11.56	1.42	10–15	5.20	.74	4.0–6.7	36	08	21–49	10.30	1.51	9.0–13.5	78.00	4.90	72–87	66.10	8.49	57–79	5.10	.89	3.78–6.81
4N	20	57.55	5.21	47–66	14.85	1.79	10–16	4.47	1.18	2.0–6.3	26	10	7–49	11.48	2.13	9.0–16.0	99.30	7.29	88–114	99.65	10.73	83–121	5.64	1.02	3.84–7.06

Years of education completed by the child’s mother; all but 1 participant provided this information.

Mean listener judgment rating of African American English (AAE) use; maximum score = 7, with higher scores indicating higher ratings of nonmainstream AAE.

Dialect density measure, calculated as the percentage of utterances the child produced with one or more nonmainstream English structure(s).

Average score on the Figure Ground and Form Completion subtests of the Leiter International Performance Scale—Revised (LEITER–R; Roid & Miller, 1997); M = 10, SD = 3.

Standard score on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Third Edition (PPVT–III; Dunn & Dunn, 1997); M = 100; SD = 15.

Syntax quotient on the Test of Language Development—Primary: Third Edition (TOLD–P:3; Hammill & Newcomer, 1997); M = 100; SD =15.

Mean length of utterances reported in morphemes.