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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 16.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Res Toxicol. 2012 May 14;25(7):1402–1411. doi: 10.1021/tx200513t

Fig. 9. A schematic diagram of the signaling pathways that may be involved in Nano-Co-induced DNA damage.

Fig. 9

Exposure of A549 cells to Nano-Co caused oxidative stress, which may further result in DNA DSBs and activate ATM. Increased phosphorylation of ATM may mediate the phosphorylation of p53 and H2AX and upregulation of Rad51 expression.