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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Sep 2.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2011 Sep 2;109(6):687–696. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.236687

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Figure 3 illustrated the different mechanisms that can regulate the level and activity of ER. ER expression is regulated by methylation of the ER promoter region. In many cell types estrogen has been shown to increase ERa transcription and progesterone, vitamin D and ERα36 have been reported to decrease expression of ER. ER transcriptional activity can be regulated by post-translational modifications such as acetylation (Ac), which activates transcriptional activity or by S-nitrosylation (SNO) which tends to inhibit translational activity.