Table 1.
PAH degradation under submerged cultivation conditions.
| PAH | Fungus | Metabolites | Enzymes | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PHE | P. chrysosporium (WRF) | PHE-trans-9,10-dihydrodiol; PHE-trans-3,4-dihydrodiol; 9-phenantrol, 3-phenanthrol; 4-phenanthrol; 9-phenanthryl-D-glucopyranoside | Monooxygenase; epoxide hydrolase | [45] |
| CO2 | ND | [53] | ||
| PHE-9,10-quinone; 2,2′-diphenic acid | ND | [52] | ||
| PHE-trans-9,10-dihydrodiol | Cytochrome P-450; MnP | [55] | ||
| P. sordida (WRF) | ND | MnP | [56] | |
| P. ostreatus (WRF) | PHE-trans-9,10-dihydrodiol | Cytochrome P-450; epoxide hydrolase | [13] | |
| T. versicolor (WRF) | ND | ND | [20] | |
| Agrocybe sp. (WRF) | ND | ND | [57] | |
| Ganoderma lucidum (WRF) | ND | LAC | [58] | |
|
| ||||
| ANT | Agrocybe sp. (WRF) | 9,10-anthraquinone | ND | [57] |
| B. adusta (WRF) | 9,10-anthraquinone | ND | [59] | |
| P. ostreatus (WRF) | 9,10-anthraquinone | MnP; LAC | [43, 44, 59, 60] | |
| I. lacteus (WRF) | 9,10-anthraquinone | ND | [48] | |
| Trametes versicolor | 9,10-anthraquinone | ND | [12, 60] | |
| Coriolopsis polyzona (WRF) | 9,10-anthraquinone | ND | [60] | |
| P. chrysosporium (WRF) | 9,10-anthraquinone; phthalic acid; CO2 | LiP; MnP | [42, 60] | |
| Stropharia coronilla (LDF) | ND | MnP | [10] | |
| T. trogii (WRF) | 9,10-anthraquinone | LAC | [61] | |
|
| ||||
| FLU | Agrocybe sp. (WRF) | 9-fluorenol; 9-fluorenone | ND | [57] |
| B. adusta (WRF) | ND | ND | [59] | |
| P. ostreatus (WRF) | ND | ND | [59] | |
|
| ||||
| PYR | I. lacteus (WRF) | Quinonic metabolites | MnP; Mn-inhibited peroxidase | [52, 62] |
| P. ostreatus (WRF) | PYR-4,5-dihydrodiol | LAC | [22] | |
| PYR-4,5-dihydrodiol; phthalic acid | LAC, VP | [22] | ||
| Ganoderma lucidum (WRF) | ND | LAC | [58] | |
|
| ||||
| FLA | P. sordida (WRF) | ND | MnP | [56] |
|
| ||||
| B[a]A | P. laevis (WRF) | Quinone metabolite | ND | [7] |
| P. chrysosporium (WRF) | Quinone metabolite | ND | [7] | |
| I. lacteus (WRF) | B[a]A-7,12-dione; phthalic acid, 1,2-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid; 2-hydroxymethyl benzoic acid; mono- and di-methyl esters of phthalic acid; 1-tetralone; 1,4-naphthalenedione; 1,4-naphthalenediol; 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-hydroxynaphthalene | ND | [50] | |
|
| ||||
| B[a]P | P. chrysosporium | Quinone metabolite; CO2 | LiP; MnP | [11] |
| Bjerkandera sp. (WRF) | Quinone metabolite | ND | [11] | |
| P. ostreatus (WRF) | Quinone metabolite | ND | [11] | |
| Stropharia coronilla (LDF) | Quinone metabolite; CO2 | LiP; MnP | [11] | |
| Stropharia rugosoannulata (LDF) | CO2 | MnP | [10] | |