Table 1.
A. Pre- and Post-Weight Loss (Diet Group, N=20)
| Pre-weight loss | Post-weight loss | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs) | 35±5 | ||
| Female (%) | 60% | ||
| Race (%white) | 75% | ||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 39±6 | 36±7 | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 182±38 | 153±35 | 0.02 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 153±112 | 118±73 | 0.09 |
| HOMA | 3.8±2.0 | 2.7±1.5 | 0.005 |
|
| |||
| Medication use | |||
| Metformin | 0% | 0% | |
| Sulfonylureas | 0% | 0% | |
| ACE inhibitors | 0% | 0% | |
| Angiotensin receptor blockers | 0% | 0% | |
| Hydrochlorothiazide | 0% | 0% | |
| Statins | 0% | 0% | |
|
| |||
| Hemodynamics | |||
| Heart rate (bpm) | 69±11 | 61±12 | 0.01 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 89±9 | 89±10 | 0.83 |
|
| |||
| Cardiac structure | |||
| LV mass (g) | 186±34 | 186±32 | 0.95 |
| LV mass/height2.7 (g/m2.7) | 44±7 | 44±8 | 0.9 |
| LV end-diastolic volume (mL) | 124±25 | 114±24 | 0.10 |
| Left atrial volume (mL) | 52±14 | 48±14 | 0.21 |
| Left atrial volume index (mL/m2) | 24±6 | 22±6 | 0.43 |
|
| |||
| Systolic function | |||
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 60±5 | 60±6 | 0.75 |
| S’ (cm/s) | 8.4±1.2 | 8.1±0.9 | 0.28 |
| Cardiac minute work (mmHg*[L/min]) | 453±99 | 421±135 | 0.24 |
|
| |||
| Diastolic function | |||
| E’ (cm/s) | 14.0±2.7 | 14.1±2.2 | 0.92 |
| E/E’ | 5.9±1.1 | 6.1±1.1 | 0.44 |
| E/A ratio | 1.65±0.43 | 1.81±0.44 | 0.24 |
| B. Pre- and Post-Weight Loss (Gastric Bypass Surgery Group, N=10)
| |||
| Pre-weight loss | Post-weight loss | P value (pre- to post comparison) | |
|
| |||
| Age (yrs) | 44±7a | ||
| Female (%) | 100%b | ||
| Race (%white) | 100% | ||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 44±7 | 29±5 | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 167±33 | 136±27 | 0.04 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 168±90 | 72±21 | 0.005 |
| HOMA | 5.5±5.3 | 0.9±0.4 | 0.02 |
|
| |||
| Medication use | |||
| Metformin | 10% | 0% | |
| Sulfonylureas | 10% | 0% | |
| ACE inhibitors | 20% | 20% | |
| Angiotensin receptor blockers | 20% | 20% | |
| Hydrochlorothiazide | 20% | 20% | |
| Statins | 10% | 10% | |
|
| |||
| Hemodynamics | |||
| Heart rate (bpm) | 72±13 | 65±17 | 0.16 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 89±6 | 86±9 | 0.38 |
|
| |||
| Cardiac structure | |||
| LV mass (g) | 180±24 | 141±20 | 0.0008 |
| LV mass/height2.7 (g/m2.7) | 47±8 | 37±7 | 0.001 |
| LV end-diastolic volume (mL) | 98±23c | 69±11 | 0.02 |
| Left atrial volume (mL) | 45±13 | 37±14 | <0.05 |
| Left atrial volume index (mL/m2) | 20±6 | 20±9 | 0.97 |
|
| |||
| Systolic function | |||
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 61±6 | 61±10 | 0.83 |
| S’ (cm/s) | 7.9±0.9 | 7.9±0.6 | 0.87 |
| Cardiac minute work (mmHg*[L/min]) | 445±90 | 347±81 | 0.10 |
|
| |||
| Diastolic function | |||
| E’ (cm/s) | 8.2±1.2d | 10.4±1.8 | 0.004 |
| E/E’ | 12.5±2.1d | 8.1±0.9 | 0.0006 |
| E/A ratio | 1.18±0.44 | 1.45±0.52 | 0.2 |
ACE = angiotensin converting enzyme; HOMA = homeostasis model index; LV = left ventricular. One subject did not have a post-intervention cholesterol panel.
a
P<0.0005,
b
P<0.05
c
P<0.01,
d
P<0.0001 for baseline differences between the diet (see Table 1A) and surgery groups. One subject did not have an ejection fraction available post-weight loss.