Table 3. Comparison of Outcome Indexes Between the Two Groups.

Outcome	Pioglitazone (n=20)	Placebo (n=20)	P-value of Fisher's exact test	Risk ratio (95% CI)
Number (%) of early improvers	19 (95%)	6 (30%)	<0.001	0.257 (0.126 to 0.523)
Number (%) of remitters	9 (45%)	3 (15%)	0.04	0.412 (0.148 to 1.147)
Number (%) of responders at week 4	14 (70%)	5 (25%)	0.01	0.368 (0.166 to 0.820)
Number (%) of responders at week 6	19 (95%)	8 (40%)	<0.001	0.109 (0.016 to 0.730)

Early improvement: at least 20% decrease in Hamilton depression rating scale (Ham-D) score by week 2.

Response: at least 50% decrease in Ham-D score.

Remission: Ham-D score of 7 or less.