Table 3. Risk factors for attrition during the first year after ART initiation.
| Risk factor | Number of patients | Non-retained patients | Crude HR (95% CI) | P-value univariate analysis | HR (95% CI) Adjusted | P-value |
| Total: n (%) | 1450 | 350 (25.5) | ||||
| Patient baseline characteristics | ||||||
| Year of ART initiation: n (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| 2005–2006 | 458 | 62 (13.5) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 2007 | 461 | 111 (24.1) | 1.80 (1.31–2.46) | 1.73 (1.26,2.38) | ||
| 2008–2009 | 531 | 177 (33.3) | 2.93 (2.19–3.92) | 3.06 (2.26, 4.14) | ||
| Gender: n (%) | ||||||
| Male | 491 | 130 (26.5) | 1.21 (0.98–1.51) | 0.085 | 1.32 (1.05,1.65) | 0.019 |
| Female | 959 | 220 (22.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Age: n (%) | 0.647 | |||||
| <40 years | 680 | 169 (24.9) | 1 | |||
| ≥40 years | 738 | 171 (23.2) | 0.95 (0.77–1.18) | |||
| Civil status: n (%) | 0.116 | |||||
| Single | 194 | 59 (30.4) | 1.36 (1.00–1.1.84) | |||
| Married | 675 | 156 (23.1) | 1 | |||
| Widowed/divorced | 560 | 131 (23.4) | 1.00 (0.79–1.26) | |||
| Prior ART experience: n (%) | 0.868 | |||||
| Yes | 169 | 36 (21.3) | 0.97 (0.68–1.38) | |||
| No | 1,257 | 306 (24.3) | 1 | |||
| Weight: n (%) | 0.004 | 0.029 | ||||
| Weight <50 | 430 | 135 (31.4) | 1.47 (1.17–1.83) | 1.33 (1.05, 1.69) | ||
| Weight ≥50 | 858 | 183 (21.3) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Missing | 162 | 32 (19.8) | 1.09 (0.74–1.60) | 1.42 (0.95, 2.12) | ||
| CD4 (cells/µL) : n (%) | 0.014 | NS | ||||
| CD4<50 | 85 | 23 (27.1) | 2.44 (1.39–4.30) | |||
| CD4≥50<200 | 258 | 54 (20.9) | 1.78 (1.11–2.84) | |||
| CD4≥200 | 182 | 26 (14.3) | 1 | |||
| Missing | 925 | 247 (26.7) | 1.52 (1.0–2.33) | |||
| TLC (cells/µl): n (%) | 0.195 | |||||
| TLC <1200 | 372 | 104 (28.0) | 1.54 (0.93–2.55) | |||
| TLC ≥1200 | 74 | 18 (24.3) | 1 | |||
| Missing | 1,004 | 228 (22.7) | 1.33 (0.81–2.19) | |||
| WHO stage at start: n (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| WHO stage 1–2 | 247 | 37 (15.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
| WHO stage 3 | 847 | 193 (22.8) | 1.33 (0.92–1.90) | 1.22 (0.85, 1.76) | ||
| WHO stage 4 | 129 | 55 (45.6) | 3.12 (2.04–4.79) | 2.98 (1.93, 4.59) | ||
| Missing | 227 | 65 (28.6) | 1.33 (0.86–2.06) | 1.22 (0.78, 1.91) | ||
| Regimen at initiation: n (%) | 0.432 | |||||
| NVP based | 1318 | 325 (24.7) | 1 | |||
| EFV based | 127 | 23 (18.1) | 0.77 (0.51–1.18) | |||
| Other | 5 | 2 (40.0) | 1.35 (0.34–5.44) | |||
| Distance from clinic: n (%) | 0.056 | NS | ||||
| <1 hour | 644 | 126 (19.6) | 1 | |||
| ≥1 hour <2 hours | 186 | 23 (12.4) | 0.57 (0.36–0.89) | |||
| ≥2 hours | 111 | 25 (22.5) | 1.14 (0.72–1.82) | |||
| Missing | 509 | 176 (34.6) | 0.86 (0.27–2.72) | |||
| Site: n (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Kasavubu | 236 | 40 (17.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Ndjili | 231 | 52 (22.5) | 1.38 (0.91–2.08) | 1.09 (0.72, 1.67) | ||
| Lubumbashi | 246 | 33 (13.4) | 0.8 (0.50–1.27) | 0.70 (0.44, 1.12) | ||
| Matadi | 248 | 52 (21.0) | 1.3 (0.85–1.94) | 1.03 (0.68, 1.57) | ||
| Kananga | 245 | 68 (27.8) | 1.8 (1.23–2.70) | 1.41 (0.95, 2.11) | ||
| Mbandaka | 244 | 105 (43.0) | 3.3 (2.26–4.68) | 2.85 (1.91, 4.25) |
NS: non-significant.
Data are missing when the total number of patients for a risk factor was less than 1450.
*
Risk factors with p-value<0.10 during univariate analysis were considered for inclusion in the multivariable model.