Figure 1. Voice perturbation paradigm and behavioral study results.

(A) Schematic illustration of voice output and perturbation stimuli. (B) Schematic representation of experimental conditions showing upward and downward pitch shifts in the unpredictable (top) and predictable conditions (bottom 2 rows). (C) Behavioral (voice) results. Grand-averaged F0 traces across all subjects separately for “Up” and “Down” stimuli with unpredictable and predictable experimental conditions. Thick lines show opposing and thin lines “following” responses. Vertical bars illustrate standard deviations of the averaged F0 traces. Vertical dashed lines represent pitch shift stimuli onset.