Table 1. The characters of the 27 eligible studies.

Authors	Year	Region	Ethnicity	Type of study	Sample size(case/control)	Main assessments	Parameter
Wang L et al [12]	2010	China	East Asian	case-control	430/468	Ser49Gly, Arg389Gly	risk of HF, mortality and combined endpoint in2 years
Paczkowska A et al [13]	2009	Poland	White	case-control	97/105	Ser49Gly, Arg389Gly	risk of HF
Woodiwiss AJ et al [14]	2008	South African	Black	case-control	403/429	Arg389Gly	risk of HF
Biolo A et al [15]	2008	Brazil	mixed	case-control	201/141	Ser49Gly, Arg389Gly	risk of HF, mortality in 39.8 months
Yu WP et al [16]	2006	China	East Asian	case-control	105/100	Arg389Gly	risk of HF; ΔHR, ΔLVEF, ΔLVEDd, ΔLVESd with3 months β-blocker treatment
Nonen S et al [17]	2005	Japan	East Asian	case-control	91/119	Ser49Gly, Arg389Gly	risk of HF
Covolo L et al [18]	2004	Italy	White	case-control	256/230	Ser49Gly, Arg389Gly	risk of HF
Magnusson Y et al [19]	2005	Sweden	White	case-control	375/492	Ser49Gly, Arg389Gly	risk of HF, mortality in 5 years
Small KM et al [20]	2002	America	mixed	case-control	159/189	Arg389Gly	risk of HF
Iwai C et al [21]	2002	Japan	East Asian	case-control	163/157	Arg389Gly	risk of HF
Forleo C et al [22]	2007	Italy	White	case-control	189/378	Ser49Gly, Arg389Gly	risk of HF
Tesson F et al [23]	1999	France	White	case-control	426/395	Arg389Gly	risk of HF
Fragoso JM et al [24]	2006	Mexico	Mexican	case-control	47/93	Ser49Gly, Arg389Gly	risk of HF
Podlowski S et al [25]	2000	Germany	White	case-control	37/40	Ser49Gly, Arg389Gly	risk of HF
Metra M et al [26]	2010	Italy	White	prospective	183	Arg389Gly	ΔHR, ΔLVEF, ΔLVEDv, ΔLVESv with 6 monthsβ-blocker treatment
Chen L et al [27]	2007	Australia	White	prospective and retrospective	135	Ser49Gly, Arg389Gly	ΔLVEF, ΔLVEDd, ΔLVESd with 1 year β-blocker treatment
Luo M et al [28]	2007	China	East Asian	prospective	156	Arg389Gly	ΔLVEF, ΔLVESd with 3 months β-blocker treatment
Liggett SB et al [29]	2006	America	Mixed	prospective	515	Arg389Gly	ΔHR, ΔLVEF with β-blocker treatment, mortalityin 12 months
Terra SG et al [29]	2005	America	Mixed	prospective	54	Ser49Gly, Arg389Gly	ΔHR, ΔLVEF, ΔLVEDd, ΔLVESd with 3 monthsβ-blocker treatment
de Groote P et al [31]	2005	France	White	prospective	199	Ser49Gly, Arg389Gly	ΔHR, ΔLVEF with 3 months β-blocker treatment
Mialet Perez J et al [32]	2003	America	NS	retrospective	224	Arg389Gly	ΔLVEF after 6 months β-blocker treatment
Petersen M et al [32]	2011	Denmark	White	retrospective	305	Arg389Gly	mortality in 6.7 years
Leineweber K et al [34]	2010	Germany	White	prospective	226	Ser49Gly, Arg389Gly	mortality in 45 months
Cresci S et al [35]	2009	America	Mixed	prospective	1133	Arg389Gly	mortality and combined endpoint in 6.5 years
White HL et al [36]	2003	UK and Netherland	White	retrospective	600	Arg389Gly	combined endpoint in 12 months
Forleo C et al [37]	2004	Italy	White	prospective	171	Ser49Gly, Arg389Gly	combined endpoint in 33 months
Shin J et al [38]	2007	America	Mixed	prospective	227	Ser49Gly, Arg389Gly	mortality and combined endpoint in 2.8 years

HF, heart failure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDd/v, left ventricular end diastolic diameter/volume; LVESd/v, left ventricular end systolic diameter/volume; combined endpoint, including death, heart transplantation and hospitalization; NS, not stated.